Rig Veda 2.43.1: Mandala 2, Sukta 43, Mantra 1

Sukta 2.43

Rishi: Gṛtsamada (traditional attribution for RV 2.43)

Devata: Śakuni/Śakunta (bird-omen as ṛta-speaking sign)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; verify against pada-count of full text tradition)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

प्रदक्षिणिदभि गृणन्ति कारवो वयो वदन्त ऋतुथा शकुन्तयः । उभे वाचौ वदति सामगा इव गायत्रं च त्रैष्टुभं चानु राजति ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 2.43.1

Transliteration

pradakṣiṇíd abhi gṛṇanti kārávo váyo vádanta ṛtuthā́ śakúntayaḥ | ubhé vā́cau vadati sāmagā́ iva gāyatráṃ ca traíṣṭubhaṃ cā́nu rājati ||

Translation

По благому правостороннему пути идут — и певцы восхваляют; птицы, говоря по временам года и по Рите, возвещают свои знамения. Она говорит обоими голосами, как певец Самана; и сияет, следуя и размеру Гаятри, и Триштубху.

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Word by Word

• प्रदक्षिणी: moving/turning to the right (auspiciously), rightward
• प्रदक्षिणी: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रदक्षिणी- (प्रातिपदिक; प्र- + दक्षिणी)

• इद्: indeed, just
• इद्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इद् (निपात)

• अभि: towards, upon
• अभि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अभि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• गृणन्ति: they sing/praise
• गृणन्ति: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: गृ (गृणाति ‘स्तु/गाय’)

• कारवः: singers, bards
• कारवः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: कारु-

• वयः: the birds (bird-kind)
• वयः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: वयस्-

• वदन्ते: they speak/utter
• वदन्ते: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: वद्

• ऋतुथा: seasonally, in due season
• ऋतुथा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ऋतु- + -था (अव्ययीभाव)

• शकुन्तयः: birds
• शकुन्तयः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: शकुन्त-

• उभे: both
• उभे: Karma
• Type: Adjective (pronominal)
• Root: उभ-

• वाचौ: two utterances/voices (two kinds of speech/chant)
• वाचौ: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाच्-

• वदति: he speaks/utters
• वदति: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: वद्

• सामगा: a Sāman-chanter (sāmaga)
• सामगा: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: सामग-

• इव: like, as
• इव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (निपात)

• गायत्रम्: the Gāyatrī (metre/chant)
• गायत्रम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: गायत्र-

• च: and
• च: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (निपात)

• त्रैष्टुभम्: the Triṣṭubh (metre/chant)
• त्रैष्टुभम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रैष्टुभ-

• च: and
• च: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (निपात)

• अनु: after, along, in sequence
• अनु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अनु (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• राजति: he shines, is resplendent
• राजति: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: राज् (राजते/राजति ‘शोभते’)