Rig Veda 5.45.2: Mandala 5, Sukta 45, Mantra 2

Sukta 5.45

Rishi: Atri Bhauma

Devata: Sūrya (with associated ‘Mother of cows’ imagery: dawn/earth/illumination-source)

Chandas: Trishtubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

वि सूर्यो अमतिं न श्रियं सादोर्वाद्गवां माता जानती गात् । धन्वर्णसो नद्यः खादोअर्णाः स्थूणेव सुमिता दृंहत द्यौः ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 5.45.2

Transliteration

ví sū́ryo amatíṃ ná śríyaṃ sādór vā́d gavā́ṃ mātā́ jānatī́ gāt | dhánvārṇaso nadyàḥ khā́dorṇāḥ sthū́ṇeva sumitā́ dṛṃhata dyáuḥ ||

Translation

ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟ ଭ୍ରମକୁ ଦୂର କରୁଥିବା ପରି ତେଜ-ଶ୍ରୀକୁ ବିସ୍ତାର କରନ୍ତି; ନିବାସରୁ ଗୋମାତା—ଜାଣୁଥିବା—ଆଗକୁ ଗତି କରନ୍ତି। ବିଶାଳ ଜଳବାହିନୀ ନଦୀମାନଙ୍କ ପରି, ବେଗବାହି ପ୍ରବାହର ନାଳାମାନଙ୍କ ପରି, ଦ୍ୟୌ (ଆକାଶ) ସୁସ୍ଥାପିତ ସ୍ତମ୍ଭ ପରି ଦୃଢ଼ କରାଯାଏ।

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Word by Word

• वि: apart, forth, widely
• वि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि (upasarga)

• सूर्यः: the Sun
• सूर्यः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• अमतिम्: lack of thought; folly
• अमतिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अ-मति (प्रातिपदिक)

• न: like, as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (निपात)

• श्रियम्: splendour; fortune
• श्रियम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्री (प्रातिपदिक)

• सादोः: of the seat/sitting-place; of the settlement
• सादोः: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सादु/साद (प्रातिपदिक; RV form)

• वात्: from the wind
• वात्: Apādāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: वात (प्रातिपदिक)

• गवाम्: of the cows
• गवाम्: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक)

• माता: mother
• माता: Kartā (in apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मातृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• जानती: knowing; aware
• जानती: Kartā (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: √ज्ञा (धातु) → जानत् (वर्तमान कृदन्त)

• गात्: went; came
• गात्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √गा (धातु)

• धन्वर्णसः: those of bow-like/arched appearance; (epithet of waters/streams)
• धन्वर्णसः: Kartā (new clause subject)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: धन्वर्णस् (प्रातिपदिक; RV compound)

• नद्यः: rivers
• नद्यः: Kartā (apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नदी (प्रातिपदिक)

• खादः: channels; clefts; ‘eaters’ (i.e., eroding streams)
• खादः: Kartā (apposition/epithet)
• Type: Noun
• Root: खाद (प्रातिपदिक)

• अर्णाः: floods; waves; waters
• अर्णाः: Kartā (apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्ण (प्रातिपदिक)

• स्थूणा: a pillar; post
• स्थूणा: Kartā (in simile)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्थूणा (प्रातिपदिक)

• इव: like, as
• इव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (निपात)

• सुमिता: well-measured; well-built
• सुमिता: Kartā (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: सु-√मा (धातु) → मित (कृदन्त) / सुमित (प्रातिपदिक)

• दृंहत: makes firm; strengthens
• दृंहत: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दृंह् (धातु)

• द्यौः: Heaven; the Sky
• द्यौः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्यौ (प्रातिपदिक)