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Atharva Veda 3.13.1: Kanda 3, Anuvaka 2, Sukta 13, Mantra 1

Sukta 13

आपः। यद॒दः सं॑प्रय॒तीरहा॒वन॑दता हते॑। तस्मा॒दा न॒द्यो॒३ नाम॑ स्थ॒ ता वो॒ नामा॑नि सिन्धवः

Recitation with translationAtharva Veda 3.13.1

ā́paḥ | yád adáḥ saṁprayatī́r áhāvanádatā haté | tásmād ā́ nádyo nā́ma stha tā́ vo nā́māni síndhavaḥ ||

O Waters: when yonder, flowing on together, ye roared aloud day after day at the smiting—therefore are ye called ‘Rivers’: those are your names, O Sindhus.

ହେ ଆପଃ (ଜଳମାନେ)! ଯେତେବେଳେ ସେଠାରେ ତୁମେ ସମେତ ଏକାସାଥି ବହି ଚାଲି, ଆଘାତ ସମୟରେ ଦିନକୁ ଦିନ ଗର୍ଜନ କଲ, ସେହିହେତୁ ତୁମକୁ ‘ନଦୀ’ ବୋଲି କୁହାଯାଏ। ହେ ସିନ୍ଧୁମାନେ, ସେଇ ହେଉଛି ତୁମର ନାମଗୁଡ଼ିକ।

आपःwaters
आपः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootअप् (प्रातिपदिक) / आपस्-
यत्that which
यत्:
कर्म
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
अदःthat (yonder)
अदः:
विशेषण/सम्बन्ध
TypePronoun
Rootअदस् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
सम्together, completely
सम्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम् (उपसर्ग)
प्रयतीःgoing forth, flowing onward
प्रयतीः:
कर्तृ
TypeAdjective (participle)
Rootप्र-√या (धातु) → प्रयती- (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; वर्तमानकाले शतृ/शानच्-प्रायः ‘going forth’)
अहावनदताresounding in the daytime
अहावनदता:
कर्तृ
TypeAdjective (participle/compound)
Rootअहा-वनदत् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; ‘day-resounding/roaring by day’)
हतेwhen struck / having been struck
हते:
अधिकरण (if ‘when/where struck’) / कर्म-भाव
TypeVerb/Participle (contextual)
Root√हन् (धातु) → हत (कृदन्त) / अथवा √हन् लुङ्-आत्मनेपद 3एक ‘was struck’
तस्मात्from that, therefore
तस्मात्:
अपादान
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
नद्यःrivers
नद्यः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootनदी (प्रातिपदिक)
नाम(as) a name; ‘by the name’
नाम:
कर्म/प्रकार
TypeNoun
Rootनामन् (प्रातिपदिक)
स्थbe / stand (you are called)
स्थ:
विधेय-क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√अस् (धातु) → स्थ (लोट्/आज्ञार्थे 2पुरुष बहुवचन; वैदिक)
ताःthose (f.)
ताः:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
वःof you / to you
वः:
सम्प्रदान/सम्बन्ध
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम)
नामानिnames
नामानि:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootनामन् (प्रातिपदिक)
सिन्धवःO Sindhus / O rivers (Sindhu-waters)
सिन्धवः:
सम्बोधन/कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootसिन्धु (प्रातिपदिक)

Rishi: Atharvanic water-hymn tradition (anukramaṇī attribution varies)

Devata: Āpas / Sindhavaḥ (Waters/Rivers)

Chandas: Anuṣṭubh (with etiological narrative phrasing)

Primary: adbhuta

Secondary: shanta

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