Sukta 190
Sukta 10.190
Cosmogonic principle (often addressed to the universal creative process; implicit Brahmanic/Ṛta principle rather than a single anthropomorphic deity)
Himne kosmogoni ringkas ini menelusuri pengungkapan penciptaan yang tertib: daripada tapas (bahang/kehangatan kreatif) lahirlah Ṛta dan Satya, kemudian Malam dan Samudra kosmik; daripadanya muncul Tahun yang mengukur siang dan malam. Ia memuncak pada Dhātṛ, Sang Penetap, yang menempatkan Matahari dan Bulan serta menegakkan lapisan-lapisan alam—langit, bumi, ruang antara, dan svah—menegaskan bahawa kosmos berasas pada tatanan yang dapat difahami.
Mantras
Mantra 1
ऋतं च सत्यं चाभीद्धात्तपसोऽध्यजायत । ततो रात्र्यजायत ततः समुद्रो अर्णवः ॥
Daripada penyalaan tapas (bahang-askesis batin) lahirlah Ṛta (Tertib) dan Satya (Kebenaran); daripadanya lahir Malam, dan daripadanya Samudra—gelombang luas dari yang-menjadi.
Mantra 2
समुद्रादर्णवादधि संवत्सरो अजायत । अहोरात्राणि विदधद्विश्वस्य मिषतो वशी ॥
Daripada Samudra, daripada banjir yang menggelora itu, lahirlah Tahun. Dialah—kuasa penguasa—yang menyusun siang dan malam bagi segala yang bergerak dan hendak menjelma.
Mantra 3
सूर्याचन्द्रमसौ धाता यथापूर्वमकल्पयत् । दिवं च पृथिवीं चान्तरिक्षमथो स्वः ॥
Sang Penetap (Dhātā) membentuk Surya dan Candra menurut acuan purba; lalu Ia menegakkan kedudukan-kedudukan: langit dan bumi dan antarikṣa, serta juga Svaḥ—alam cahaya yang luhur.
Frequently Asked Questions
It is a short creation hymn describing how cosmic order (ṛta) and truth (satya) arise from tapas, leading to night, the ocean, the year, and finally the ordered placement of sun, moon, and the worlds.
Dhātṛ means “the Ordainer” or “the Setter-in-place.” Here he represents the cosmic power that arranges the universe—especially time (day/night) and the stations of sun and moon.
Because the year symbolizes cosmic time and regularity. By saying the Year ‘was born’ and then arranged days and nights, the hymn teaches that creation becomes real to beings through rhythm, measure, and dependable order.
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