Rig Veda 1.2.8: Mandala 1, Sukta 2, Mantra 8

Sukta 1.2

Rishi: Madhucchandas Vaiśvāmitra (traditional attribution for RV 1.1–1.11)

Devata: Mitra-Varuṇa (dual deities of Ṛta, sovereignty, harmony, and moral-cosmic law)

Chandas: Gāyatrī (3 pādas of 8 syllables)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

ऋतेन मित्रावरुणावृतावृधावृतस्पृशा । क्रतुं बृहन्तमाशाथे ॥

Transliteration

ṛténa mitrā́varuṇāv ṛtā́vṛdhāv ṛtáspṛśā | kratúṃ bṛhántam āśā́the ||

Translation

ऋतेन—ऋत (सत्य-व्यवस्था) यांच्या बळाने—मित्र-वरुण, ऋत-वर्धक व ऋत-स्पृश (ऋताला स्पर्श करणारे), आम्हांला बृहन्त क्रतु (महान, तेजस्वी संकल्प/सत्कर्म-शक्ती) द्यावा.

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Word by Word

• ऋतेन: by/with ṛta (truth, cosmic order)
• ऋतेन: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋत (प्रातिपदिक) < √ऋ (गत्यर्थ) / ऋत- ‘cosmic order, truth’

• मित्रा: Mitra (the god), (as one of the two)
• मित्रा: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun (proper/deity)
• Root: मित्र (प्रातिपदिक) ‘Mitra’

• वरुणा: Varuṇa (the god), (as one of the two)
• वरुणा: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun (proper/deity)
• Root: वरुण (प्रातिपदिक) ‘Varuṇa’

• ऋतावृधा: (you) two who grow/are strengthened by ṛta
• ऋतावृधा: कर्तृ
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ऋतावृध (प्रातिपदिक; समास: ऋत + आवृध ‘growing/strengthened by ṛta’)

• ऋतस्पृशा: (you) two who touch/attain ṛta
• ऋतस्पृशा: कर्तृ
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ऋतस्पृश (प्रातिपदिक; समास: ऋत + स्पृश ‘touching’)

• क्रतुम्: resolve/wise purpose (as object)
• क्रतुम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रतु (प्रातिपदिक) ‘resolve, power of will, intelligence; ritual power’

• बृहन्तम्: great
• बृहन्तम्: कर्म
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बृहन्त् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘great, lofty’

• आशाथे: you two attain/reach
• आशाथे: (क्रिया) —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अश् (अश्नुते/अश्नोति) ‘to reach, attain’ + आ- (उपसर्ग)