Varaha Purana 13.61: Adhyaya 13, Shloka 61

The Genealogy of the Pitṛs and the Determination of Śrāddha Times

Devanagari script

इत्येतत् पितृभिर्गीतं भावाभावप्रयोजनम् । कृतं तेन भवेत् श्राद्धं य एवं कुरुते द्विज ॥ १३.६१ ॥

Recitation with translationVaraha Purana 13.61

Transliteration

ity etat pitṛbhir gītaṃ bhāvābhāva-prayojanam | kṛtaṃ tena bhavec chrāddhaṃ ya evaṃ kurute dvija || 13.61 ||

Translation

ດັ່ງນີ້ ຈຸດປະສົງອັນເກີດຈາກການມີ ຫຼື ບໍ່ມີ (ເຈດຕະນາແລະເງື່ອນໄຂ) ໄດ້ຖືກພິຕຣະທັງຫຼາຍຂັບຮ້ອງປະກາດໄວ້. ສຳລັບຜູ້ທີ່ປະພຶດຕາມນີ້ ໂອ ຜູ້ເກີດສອງຄັ້ງ (ດວິຈະ) ພິທີສຣາດທະຖືກນັບວ່າສຳເລັດຖືກຕ້ອງ।

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Word by Word

• इति: thus
• इति: सम्बन्ध (Particle/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: उक्त्यर्थक-अव्यय (quotative particle)

• एतत्: this
• एतत्: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• पितृभिः: by the ancestors
• पितृभिः: कर्ता (Agent/कर्तृ-करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/Agent), बहुवचन

• गीतम्: sung/said
• गीतम्: विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गै (√गै धातु) → गीत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त/PPP), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; 'sung/uttered'

• भावाभावप्रयोजनम्: the purpose concerning (states of) presence and absence
• भावाभावप्रयोजनम्: सम्बन्ध/विशेष्य (Predicate noun/विशेष्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भाव + अभाव + प्रयोजन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; समाहार/तत्पुरुष: भावाभावयोः प्रयोजनम् (purpose regarding presence/absence)

• कृतम्: performed
• कृतम्: विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृ (√कृ धातु) → कृत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त/PPP), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; 'done/performed'

• तेन: by that/thereby
• तेन: करण (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental), एकवचन; 'by that/thereby'

• भवेत्: would become/would be
• भवेत्: क्रिया (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (√भू धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन

• श्राद्धम्: śrāddha rite
• श्राद्धम्: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• यः: who (he)
• यः: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सम्बन्ध-प्रत्यय (relative pronoun)

• एवम्: thus
• एवम्: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम् (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (adverb: 'thus/in this manner')

• कुरुते: does/performs
• कुरुते: क्रिया (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (√कृ धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन

• द्विज: O twice-born (brāhmaṇa)
• द्विज: सम्बोधन (Address/Vocative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-प्रथमा (Vocative), एकवचन

Speaker

Varāha

Tags

• Classical Literature
• Purāṇic Studies
• Dharmaśāstra Interface
• Vaiṣṇavism

FAQs

What is the historical significance of this verse?

It reflects a Purāṇic articulation of śrāddha theory, emphasizing that ritual efficacy is evaluated through criteria such as intent and proper conditions (bhāva/abhāva), a theme shared with broader Dharmaśāstra discourse.

Which geographic location is identified?

No geographic location is specified in this verse; the focus is doctrinal and procedural regarding śrāddha.

What is the primary ethical instruction?

The verse underscores responsible performance: a śrāddha is regarded as truly accomplished when carried out in the prescribed manner, with attention to the presence (bhāva) or absence (abhāva) of proper intent and qualifying conditions.