Rig Veda 9.55.4: Mandala 9, Sukta 55, Mantra 4
Sukta 9.55
Devata: Soma Pavamāna
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
यो जिनाति न जीयते हन्ति शत्रुमभीत्य । स पवस्व सहस्रजित् ॥
Transliteration
yó jinā́ti ná jī́yate hánti śátrum abhī́tya | sá pavasva sahasra-jít ||
Translation
He who conquers and is not conquered, who smites the enemy by advancing upon him—do thou so purify thyself, O thousand-winner: become in us the victorious force that cannot be overthrown.
Word by Word
यःwho (he who)
यः:
Kartā (सम्बन्ध-कर्तृ, यः = ‘he who’)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
जिनातिconquers, overcomes
जिनाति:
Kriyā (मुख्यक्रिया; कर्ता = यः)
TypeVerb
Rootजि (धातु) ‘जयति/अभिभवति’
नnot
न:
(निषेधक) क्रियाविशेषणम्
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (निषेध-अव्यय)
जीयतेis conquered / is defeated
जीयते:
Kriyā (न-निषिद्धा; ‘is not conquered’)
TypeVerb
Rootजि (धातु) ‘जयति’ → कर्मणि/आत्मनेपद-प्रयोगः
हन्तिstrikes, slays
हन्ति:
Kriyā (कर्तृ = सः/यः)
TypeVerb
Rootहन् (धातु) ‘हिंसागत्योः/वध’
शत्रुम्the enemy
शत्रुम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु (प्रातिपदिक)
अभीतिapproaches, attacks
अभीति:
Kriyā (उपक्रिया; ‘approaches/attacks’—शत्रुं प्रति)
TypeVerb
Rootअभि + इ (धातु) → ‘अभ्येति/अभिगच्छति’ (पुरातन-रूप ‘अभीति’)
सःhe
सः:
Kartā (आदेश/विधेय-वाक्ये)
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
पवस्वpurify yourself, flow pure
पवस्व:
Kriyā (सम्बोधन-विधि; सोमं प्रति)
TypeVerb
Rootपू (धातु) ‘पवते/शुध्यति’
सहस्रजित्thousand-winning, winner of thousands
सहस्रजित्:
Viśeṣaṇa (सः/पवस्व इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective (epithet)
Rootसहस्र + जित् (कृदन्त: √जि + क्विप्/क्विन्-प्रत्ययः; ‘जित्’ = ‘conqueror/winner’)
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