Rig Veda 5.44.10: Mandala 5, Sukta 44, Mantra 10

Sukta 5.44

Rishi: Atri Bhauma (Atri family; attribution for Mandala 5 generally to Atris; specific sukta 5.44 is Atri tradition)

Devata: Agni (as awakened inner fire and leader of the sacrifice; this section transitions into explicit ‘jāgāra’ refrain in 5.44.14–15)

Chandas: Trishtubh (11-syllable cadence typical for many verses in 5.44; exact pada-scansion may vary by recension)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

स हि क्षत्रस्य मनसस्य चित्तिभिरेवावदस्य यजतस्य सध्रेः । अवत्सारस्य स्पृणवाम रण्वभिः शविष्ठं वाजं विदुषा चिदर्ध्यम् ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 5.44.10

Transliteration

sa hí kṣatrásya mánasasya cíttibhir evāvá-dasya yajátasya sádhreḥ | ava-tsārásya spṛṇavāma raṇvá-bhiḥ śáviṣṭhaṃ vā́jaṃ vidúṣā́ cid árddhyam ||

Translation

For he is indeed the companion-force of the consecrated Power and of the Mind, through luminous perceptions; of the rightly-speaking one. With delighting energies we would fill and satisfy that impelling stream, and win the most mighty plenitude of force—worthy even for the knower.

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Word by Word

• सः: he
• सः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → स

• हि: indeed, for
• हि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (निपात)

• क्षत्रस्य: of dominion/power
• क्षत्रस्य: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षत्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• मनसस्य: of mind
• मनसस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• चित्तिभिः: by perceptions/insights
• चित्तिभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: चित्ति (प्रातिपदिक)

• एव: just, indeed
• एव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (निपात)

• आवदस्य: of the proclaiming/speaking one
• आवदस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Adjective (participle)
• Root: आ-वद् (धातु) → आवद (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)

• यजतस्य: of the worshipful
• यजतस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यजत (प्रातिपदिक; ‘पूज्य/यज्ञीय’)

• सध्रेः: of the companion/associate (in common action)
• सध्रेः: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: सध्रि (प्रातिपदिक)

• अवत्सारस्य: of the (one) ‘without a calf’ / calf-less (epithet)
• अवत्सारस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: अवत्सार (प्रातिपदिक)

• स्पृणवाम: we attain/win
• स्पृणवाम: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्पृ (धातु; ‘to win/attain, to reach’) → स्पृणव् (वेदिक-प्रयोग)

• रण्वभिः: with delightful/pleasing (things)
• रण्वभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रण्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• शविष्ठम्: the strongest
• शविष्ठम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शविष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक; superlative of शवीयस्/शवस् ‘strong’)

• वाजम्: prize, strength, (victory-)booty
• वाजम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाज (प्रातिपदिक)

• विदुषा: by/with the knowing (one)
• विदुषा: Karaṇa
• Type: Adjective (participle)
• Root: विद्वस् (प्रातिपदिक; √विद् ‘to know’) → विदुष्

• चित्: even
• चित्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: चित् (निपात)

• अर्ध्यम्: worthy (to be won/valued)
• अर्ध्यम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अर्ध्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘worthy, to be valued’)