Rig Veda 5.19.4 — Mandala 5, Sukta 19, Mantra 4

Sukta 5.19

Rishi: Atri (Ātreya)

Devata: Agni (as nourishing essence and heat; gharma comparison supports fiery/heat principle)

Chandas: Tristubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

प्रियं दुग्धं न काम्यमजामि जाम्योः सचा । घर्मो न वाजजठरोऽदब्धः शश्वतो दभः ॥

Transliteration

priyáṃ dugdháṃ na kā́myam ajāmi jāmyóḥ sácā | gharmó na vā́jajaṭharo 'dábdhaḥ śáśvato dábhaḥ ||

Translation

Like cherished milk, desirable, he is born in the intimacy of kindred powers; like the Gharma he is a belly of plenitude—unbetrayed, unfailing in the everlasting.

Word by Word

• प्रियम्: dear, pleasing
• प्रियम्: कर्म (object/complement)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रिय- (प्रातिपदिक) < PIE *prih₁- ‘dear, beloved’ (adj.)

• दुग्धम्: milk; the milked (drink)
• दुग्धम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun (used adjectivally/substantively)
• Root: दुग्ध- (PPP) √दुह् ‘to milk’

• न: like, as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (उपमा-निपात) अव्यय

• काम्यम्: desirable, wished-for
• काम्यम्: कर्म
• Type: Adjective
• Root: काम्य- (gerundive/adj.) from √कम्/काम् ‘to desire’

• अजामि: Ajāmi (a name/epithet; ‘unborn/unyoked’ in Vedic usage)
• अजामि: कर्ता
• Type: Noun/Adjective (epithet)
• Root: अजामि- (प्रातिपदिक; Vedic epithet)

• जाम्योः: of the two kindred/kinsmen
• जाम्योः: सम्बन्ध (genitival relation)
• Type: Adjective/Substantive
• Root: जाम्य- (प्रातिपदिक) ‘of kin/related; of the two kindred’

• सचा: together with, in company
• सचा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सचा (अव्यय) < √सच् ‘to accompany, follow’

• घर्मः: the Gharma (hot oblation); heat
• घर्मः: कर्ता (second subject in parallel)
• Type: Noun
• Root: घर्म- (प्रातिपदिक) ‘heat; hot drink/oblation (gharma)’

• न: like
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (उपमा-निपात) अव्यय

• वाजजठरः: having a belly full of strength; strength-bellied
• वाजजठरः: कर्ता (qualifier of घर्मः / implied deity)
• Type: Adjective (compound)
• Root: वाज-जठर- (समास; प्रातिपदिक) वाज ‘strength/prize’ + जठर ‘belly’

• अदब्धः: unharmed; unbeguiled; unassailable
• अदब्धः: कर्ता (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अदब्ध- (प्रातिपदिक) a- + √दभ् ‘to harm, deceive’

• शश्वतः: ever, continually
• शश्वतः: सम्बन्ध / अव्ययीभावार्थ (adverbial)
• Type: Adjective (used adverbially/genitively in Vedic)
• Root: शश्वत् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘everlasting, continual’

• दभः: harm; injury; deception
• दभः: कर्ता/भाव (as abstract: ‘harm’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दभ- (प्रातिपदिक) from √दभ् ‘to harm, deceive’