Rig Veda 1.113.5: Mandala 1, Sukta 113, Mantra 5
Sukta 1.113
- Rishi
- Kutsa Āṅgirasa
- Devata
- Uṣas
- Chandas
- Triṣṭubh
- Rasa
- Vira (heroism) and Shanta (peace)
जिह्मश्ये चरितवे मघोन्याभोगय इष्टये राय उ त्वम् । दभ्रं पश्यद्भ्य उर्विया विचक्ष उषा अजीगर्भुवनानि विश्वा ॥
jihmáśye carítave maghónyā ābhógaya iṣṭáye rāyá u tvám | dabhraṁ páśyadbhya urviyā́ vicákṣa uṣā́ ajīgaḥ bhúvanāni víśvā ||
ເພື່ອໃຫ້ທັງຜູ້ຄົດ ແລະ ຜູ້ຊື່ເດີນທາງຢ່າງຖືກຕ້ອງ, ຜູ້ມີຄວາມໃຈກວ້າງຂວາງ, ເຈົ້ານຳມາເຊິ່ງຄວາມສຸກ ແລະ ຄວາມອຸດົມທີ່ປາຖະໝານ. ແກ່ຜູ້ທີ່ເຫັນໜ້ອຍ, ເຈົ້າໃຫ້ວິໄສທີ່ກວ້າງຂວາງ: ຮຸ່ງອາລຸນໄດ້ກະຕຸ້ນໂລກທັງປວງໃຫ້ຕື່ນຂຶ້ນ.
Word by Word
- जिह्मश्ये
- in/at the crooked (state/turn)Adjectiveनपुंसकलिङ्गे, सप्तमी एकवचन (स्थाने/अवस्थायाम्) — ‘जिह्म’ (वक्र/कुटिल) + -श्य (वेदिक सप्तमी-प्रत्यय)Role AdhikaraṇaRoot जिह्म (प्रातिपदिक)
- चरितवे
- to move / to proceedVerbतुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त (इन्फिनिटिव), ‘चरितवे’ = ‘चरितुम्/चरितवे’ (वेदिक)Role KarmaRoot चर् (धातु)
- मघोन्या
- with the bountiful (Dawn)Adjectiveस्त्रीलिङ्गे, तृतीया एकवचन (सह/करणे) अथवा सम्बोधन-सम्बन्धी प्रयोगः; उषसा सह विशेषणरूपेणRole KaraṇaRoot मघोनी (प्रातिपदिक; उषस्-विशेषण)
- आभोगये
- for abundance / for full enjoymentNounपुंलिङ्गे, चतुर्थी एकवचन (सम्प्रदान) — ‘आभोग’ = विस्तार/समृद्धि/उपभोगRole SampradānaRoot आभोग (प्रातिपदिक)
- इष्टये
- for the sacrifice / offeringNounस्त्रीलिङ्गे, चतुर्थी एकवचन (सम्प्रदान) — ‘इष्टि’ = यज्ञ/इष्टि (sacrificial rite)Role SampradānaRoot इष्टि (प्रातिपदिक)
- रायः
- of wealthNounस्त्रीलिङ्गे, षष्ठी एकवचन (सम्बन्ध) — ‘रायः’ = ‘रायाः’ (वेदिक रूप)Role AdhikaraṇaRoot राय्/रायि (प्रातिपदिक)
- उ
- indeed / andIndeclinableनिपातः (एव/हि/उच्चारण-बलार्थ)Root उ (निपात)
- त्वम्
- youPronounप्रथमा एकवचनRole KartāRoot युष्मद् (सर्वनाम)
- दभ्रम्
- a little / slightAdjectiveनपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया एकवचन (कर्म-विशेषण)Role KarmaRoot दभ्र (प्रातिपदिक)
- पश्यद्भ्यः
- to/for those who seeVerbवर्तमान कृदन्त (शतृ) ‘पश्यत्’ + भ्यस्; पुंलिङ्गे, चतुर्थी/पञ्चमी बहुवचन (दातृ/अपादान) — ‘to the seers/for those who see’Role SampradānaRoot पश् (धातु)
- उर्विया
- with broadness / widelyNounस्त्रीलिङ्गे, तृतीया एकवचन (करण) — ‘with breadth/wideness’Role KaraṇaRoot उर्वी (प्रातिपदिक)
- विचक्षः
- clear-seeing / far-seeingAdjectiveपुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा एकवचन; ‘विचक्षस्’ = व्यापकदर्शिन्/विशददर्शिन् (clear-seeing)Role KartāRoot वि-चक्ष् (धातु) / विचक्षस् (प्रातिपदिक)
- उषाः
- DawnNounस्त्रीलिङ्गे, प्रथमा एकवचन (वेदिक: ‘उषाः’ = ‘उषाः/उषा’)Role KartāRoot उषस् (प्रातिपदिक)
- अजीगर्भ्
- roused / brought forthVerbलुङ् (अोरिस्ट), परस्मैपद, 3पुरुष एकवचन; ‘अ-जी-गर्भ्’ = ‘she has awakened/roused/caused to be manifest’ (वेदिक प्रयोग)Role KartāRoot गर्भ् (धातु) with preverb आ-; reduplicated aorist stem
- भुवनानि
- the worlds / beingsNounनपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया बहुवचनRole KarmaRoot भुवन (प्रातिपदिक)
- विश्वा
- allAdjectiveनपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया बहुवचन; ‘all’ (भुवनानि इति विशेष्यस्य विशेषणम्)Role KarmaRoot विश्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Sandhi Notes
- पदच्छेद (सन्धि-विग्रह): जिह्मश्ये | चरितवे | मघोन्या | आभोगये | इष्टये | रायः | उ | त्वम् | दभ्रम् | पश्यद्भ्यः | उर्विया | विचक्षः | उषाः | अजीगर्भ् | भुवनानि | विश्वा । प्रमुखसन्धयः: ‘मघोन्या + आभोगये’ (आ- आरम्भः, संधि-परिवर्तनं न विशेषम्)
- ‘रायः उ’ इति विसर्गः पदान्ते (संहितायां ‘राय उ’)
- ‘दभ्रं पश्यद्भ्यः’ अनुस्वार/म् + प् (संहितायां ‘दभ्रं पश्य…’)
The meaning
Outer meaning
O bounteous Dawn, for both the crooked and the straight to move, you bring enjoyments and the desired riches. To those who see little, you give a wide vision. Dawn has stirred all the worlds awake.
Inner meaning
Uṣas supports progress for beings of mixed nature: the crooked (jihma) tendencies—ego-twists, vital distortions—and the straight (śye / straight-going) capacities can both be led into right movement when Dawn’s light comes. She grants ābhoga (enjoyment/expansion) and iṣṭa rāyaḥ (sought plenitudes): not mere pleasure, but the widening that comes from conscious possession. For the dabhram paśyadbhyaḥ—those with limited perception—she gives urviyā vicakṣa, a vast seeing: the yoga’s remedy for narrowness is illumination, not condemnation.
Universal truth
Growth is inclusive: illumination can straighten what is crooked by widening vision and offering higher satisfactions. True progress provides both clarity and a deeper, purer enjoyment that replaces lower compulsions.
Themes
Widening vision, Correction of distortion, Aspiration and plenitude, Universal awakening
The seer
- Rishi
- Kutsa Āṅgirasa
- Lineage
- Āṅgirasa
- Other hymns
- RV 1.113, RV 1.112
Family tradition
Āṅgirasa seers emphasize the conversion of obscurity into light and the release of hidden plenitudes; here the concern is moral-psychological straightening through illumination.
Significance
Kutsa presents a compassionate psychology: Dawn serves even the ‘crooked’ by giving wider vision and higher enjoyment, aligning with an evolutionary rather than punitive spirituality.
The deity
- Devata
- Uṣas
- Epithets
- maghonī (bounteous), urviyā vicakṣa (wide-seeing giver of vast vision)
- Related deities
- Indra (illumined mind that breaks limitations), Soma (bliss that replaces lower cravings), Agni (will that moves rightly)
Cosmic role
Brings awakening and the day’s possibilities; distributes ‘riches’—resources and opportunities.
Inner power
Rectifies distortions by illumination; grants wideness of perception and a higher delight that supports right movement.
In ritual
Where it is used
Morning hymn for auspicious beginning and right movement; general uṣas invocation.
जि॒ह्म॒श्ये॒३॒॑ चरि॑तवे म॒घोन्या॑भो॒गय॑ इ॒ष्टये॑ रा॒य उ॑ त्वम् । द॒भ्रं पश्य॑द्भ्य उर्वि॒या वि॒चक्ष॑ उ॒षा अ॑जीग॒र्भुव॑नानि॒ विश्वा॑ ॥
जि॒ह्म॒ऽश्ये॑ । चरि॑तवे । म॒घोनी॑ । आ॒ऽभो॒गये॑ । इ॒ष्टये॑ । रा॒ये । ऊँ॒ इति॑ । त्वम् । द॒भ्रम् । पश्य॑त्ऽभ्यः । उ॒र्वि॒या । वि॒ऽचक्षे॑ । उ॒षाः । अ॒जी॒गः॒ । भुव॑नानि । विश्वा॑ ॥
jihma-śye | caritave | maghonī | ābhogaye | iṣṭaye | rāye | oṃ iti | tvam | dabhram | paśyat-bhyaḥ | urviyā | vi-cakṣe | uṣāḥ | ajīgaḥ | bhuvanān i | viśvā
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4 × 11 syllables
Strong and practical; fits a teaching on conduct and capacity.
Energizes resolve while keeping a spacious tone; supports the feeling of ‘widening vision’.
- jihma
- Literal: crooked, oblique. Symbolic: distorted vital/mental movements; ego-bends; falsehood-tendencies
- śye (as in jihmaśye)
- Literal: straight (paired contrast). Symbolic: right-going movement; aligned will
- maghonī
- Literal: bounteous, generous. Symbolic: bestower of inner riches; Grace of awakening
- ābhoga
- Literal: enjoyment, abundance, expansion. Symbolic: widening possession; conscious delight that supports growth
- iṣṭaye
- Literal: for the desired/aimed. Symbolic: aspiration’s object; soul’s sought fulfilment
- rāyaḥ
- Literal: riches. Symbolic: powers, capacities, inner wealth
- dabhram paśyadbhyaḥ
- Literal: to those seeing little. Symbolic: limited mental sight; partial awareness
- urviyā vicakṣe
- Literal: wide vision. Symbolic: vast seeing; broadened consciousness
- ajīgar bhuvanāni viśvā
- Literal: awakened all worlds. Symbolic: integral awakening across planes
Morning illumination motif; supportive for rites requiring ‘awakening’ and ‘right movement’ (pravṛtti) of the sacrificer and officiants.
At dawn, especially when seeking clarity for decisions or ethical alignment.
Recitation with intention to straighten the day’s movements; offering of crooked impulses into light.
For habit-change/addiction patterns: chant to replace compulsive ‘crooked’ movement with widened seeing and healthier satisfaction.
jihma ‘crooked’ contrasts with right course; psychologically: deviation/obliquity in the being. ābhoga ‘enjoyment/expansion’ suggests a widening of experience (bhuj/bhog semantic field: enjoyment, but also ‘unfolding’). iṣṭa from √iṣ ‘to wish/seek’ indicates the soul’s aspiration. uru ‘wide’ (PIE *h₁er- ‘wide/open’ often proposed) grounds ‘widening consciousness’. vi-cakṣ from √cakṣ ‘see’ = discriminative vision; Dawn grants a broadened faculty of sight/knowledge.
widening (uru) as expansion of consciousness, aspiration (iṣṭa) and fulfillment (rāyas), rectification of crookedness (jihma) into right movement
Right movement for crooked and straight implies restoration to ṛta in conduct and energy-flow.
Wide vision is a condition for truth; narrow seeing breeds distortion.
Evolution by widening: consciousness expands, enabling rectification and richer being.
Integral yoga emphasis: transformation of vital nature through light and higher delight (Soma-like ānanda).
dawn
Illumination that broadens perception, straightens energies, and offers a more expansive delight to support right action.
- What is the primary Vedic 'mythologem' present in this verse?
- Dawn as the power that ‘widens sight’ and sets right the movement of beings—transforming limited perception into broad vision. Mythically, light enables seeing; psychologically, Uṣas corrects inner crookedness (jihma) and grants discernment (vi-cakṣ).
- How does the linguistic structure reflect Proto-Indo-European roots?
- The seeing-roots √paś and √cakṣ belong to an archaic IE register where ‘to see’ also means ‘to know’ (cf. PIE *weid- ‘see/know’ as a parallel semantic development). The widening motif (uru) matches widespread IE poetic opposition of narrow/broad as ignorance/knowledge.
- What is the relationship between the Rishi and the Devata here?
- The Rishi positions the human as initially ‘seeing little’ (dabhram paśyat-), asking for widened vision. The Devatā responds by giving uru-vicakṣ, enabling the aspirant to move rightly and to receive the sought plenitudes (iṣṭa, rāyas).
Offer crooked impulses into Dawn’s light; request wide vision before action; cultivate higher enjoyment that supports discipline.
maṇipūra (right action/energy) and ājñā (vision)
Kapalabhati light (if suitable) followed by calm breathing; then repeat ‘urviyā vicakṣe’ on long exhale to feel widening.
From narrow/compulsive to spacious/choosing; energized clarity.
When tempted by old patterns, pause and chant once; ask for ‘wide vision’ of consequences and the higher joy of alignment.
Triṣṭubh accents; lift on maghónyā and urviyā́; keep refrain steady.
Maintain clear articulation of contrasts (jihma- vs. straight term); give a slight emphasis to ‘dabhram paśyadbhyaḥ’ then open the tone on ‘urviyā vicakṣe’.
jihma: aspirate lightly; keep ‘jih-’ clear, maghonyā: gh as voiced aspirate; long ā at end, ābhogaya: long ā; bh as voiced aspirate, vicakṣe: retroflex ṣ; do not say ‘vikakse’
Energizing but controlled; brighter resonance on ‘wide vision’ phrase.
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