Rig Veda 3.32.3: Mandala 3, Sukta 32, Mantra 3
Sukta 3.32
- Rishi
- Viśvāmitra Gāthina
- Devata
- Indra with Maruts/Rudras
- Chandas
- Triṣṭubh
- Rasa
- Vira (heroism)
ये ते शुष्मं ये तविषीमवर्धन्नर्चन्त इन्द्र मरुतस्त ओजः । माध्यंदिने सवने वज्रहस्त पिबा रुद्रेभिः सगणः सुशिप्र ॥
yé te śúṣmaṃ yé táviṣīm ávardhann árcanta índra marútas tá ójaḥ | mā́dhyandine sávane vajrahasta píba rudrébhiḥ ságaṇaḥ suśipra ||
ನಿನ್ನ ಶುಷ್ಮವನ್ನೂ, ನಿನ್ನ ತವಿಷಿಯನ್ನೂ ವೃದ್ಧಿಗೊಳಿಸಿದವರು—ಹೇ ಇಂದ್ರ—ನಿನ್ನನ್ನು ಅರ್ಚಿಸುವ ಮರುತರು; ಅವರೇ ನಿನ್ನ ಓಜಸ್ಸು. ಮಧ್ಯಾಹ್ನದ ಸವನದಲ್ಲಿ, ಹೇ ವಜ್ರಹಸ್ತ, ರುದ್ರರೊಂದಿಗೆ, ನಿನ್ನ ಗಣದೊಂದಿಗೆ, ಹೇ ಸುಶಿಪ್ರ, ಸೋಮಪಾನ ಮಾಡು.
Word by Word
- ये
- who (those who)Pronounपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचनRole KartāRoot यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → य-
- ते
- theyPronounपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचनRole KartāRoot तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → त-
- शुष्मम्
- might, vigorNounपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचनRole KarmaRoot शुष्म (प्रातिपदिक)
- ये
- whoPronounपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचनRole KartāRoot यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → य-
- तविषीम्
- strength, forceNounस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचनRole KarmaRoot तविषी (प्रातिपदिक)
- अवर्धन्
- they increasedVerbलुङ् (अorist), परस्मैपद, 3 पुरुष, बहुवचनRole (क्रिया)Root वृध् (धातु)
- अर्चन्ते
- they praise, singVerbलट्, आत्मनेपद, 3 पुरुष, बहुवचनRole (क्रिया)Root अर्च् (धातु)
- इन्द्र
- O IndraNoun (proper)पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचनRole (सम्बोधन)Root इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
- मरुतः
- the MarutsNounपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचनRole KartāRoot मरुत् (प्रातिपदिक)
- ते
- theyPronounपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचनRole KartāRoot तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → त-
- ओजः
- strength, powerNounनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचनRole KartāRoot ओजस् (प्रातिपदिक)
- माध्यंदिने
- at middayAdjective (used substantively)नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचनRole AdhikaraṇaRoot माध्यंदिन (प्रातिपदिक)
- सवने
- in the Soma-pressingNounनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचनRole AdhikaraṇaRoot सवन (प्रातिपदिक)
- वज्रहस्त
- O thunderbolt-handed (Indra)Adjective (vocative epithet)पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचनRole (सम्बोधन)Root वज्रहस्त (बहुव्रीहि-प्रातिपदिक: वज्र + हस्त)
- पिब
- drinkVerbलोट् (आज्ञार्थ), परस्मैपद, 2 पुरुष, एकवचनRole (क्रिया)Root पा (धातु)
- रुद्रेभिः
- with the RudrasNounपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचनRole KaraṇaRoot रुद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
- सगणः
- together with the troop (i.e., accompanied by the host)Adjectiveपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचनRole KartāRoot सगण (प्रातिपदिक: स- + गण)
- सुशिप्र
- O fair-lipped / handsome-jawed (Indra)Adjective (vocative epithet)पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचनRole (सम्बोधन)Root सुशिप्र (बहुव्रीहि-प्रातिपदिक: सु- + शिप्र)
Sandhi Notes
- पदच्छेद (Vedic sandhi resolution): ये | ते | शुष्मम् | ये | तविषीम् | अवर्धन् | अर्चन्ते | इन्द्र | मरुतः | ते | ओजः || माध्यंदिने | सवने | वज्रहस्त | पिब | रुद्रेभिः | सगणः | सुशिप्र । प्रमुख संधि/रूप-टिप्पणी: (1) मरुतस्त॒ ओजः → मरुतः + ते + ओजः (विसर्ग-लोप/सन्धि; ते enclitic सर्वनाम) (2) माध्यं॑दिने॒ सव॑ने: द्वे सप्तम्यौ ‘माध्यंदिने’ ‘सवने’ (अधिकारण) (3) पिबा॑: → पिब (लोट् 2sg; दीर्घ/प्लुति-प्रयोग वैदिक छन्दोऽनुसार) (4) रु॒द्रेभि॒: सग॑णः → रुद्रेभिः + सगणः (विसर्गः पदान्ते)
The meaning
Outer meaning
The Maruts who praised Indra increased his force and might; they are his power. At the midday pressing, Indra, wielder of the thunderbolt, is asked to drink with the Rudras and the host.
Inner meaning
The hymn identifies the Maruts as Indra’s operative energy: the dynamic life-forces that, when harmonized by praise (right vibration), augment illumination’s strength. The ‘vajra’ is the concentrated decisive will in the mind that breaks the cover. Drinking Soma ‘with the Rudras’ indicates that illumination must be accompanied by purifying intensity; otherwise the mind’s light cannot endure in the face of subconscient resistance.
Universal truth
Higher intelligence becomes effective not by thought alone but by allied energies of enthusiasm, courage, and disciplined intensity. When dynamic forces praise (align with) the higher aim, the decisive will can act and the bliss can be safely integrated.
Themes
Indra-Marut alliance, Empowerment through praise, Soma-ritual midday, Thunderbolt force
The seer
- Rishi
- Viśvāmitra Gāthina
- Lineage
- Viśvāmitra
- Other hymns
- RV 3.30 (Indra), RV 3.31 (Indra), RV 3.32 (Indra-Marut)
Family tradition
Mantric tradition stressing cooperative action of multiple divine powers (Indra with Maruts) to win inner battles.
Significance
The seer maps a psychology of victory: illumination (Indra) requires energized allies (Maruts) and purification (Rudras) to become stable power (ojas).
The deity
- Devata
- Indra with Maruts/Rudras
- Epithets
- Vajrahasta, Suśipra
- Related deities
- Maruts, Rudras, Soma
Cosmic role
Leader of luminous powers; breaker of obstruction; drinks Soma to increase victorious might.
Inner power
Illumined discernment plus executive force, supported by harmonized vital energies.
In ritual
Where it is used
Midday Soma pressing with Indra-Marut participation
ये ते॒ शुष्मं॒ ये तवि॑षी॒मव॑र्ध॒न्नर्च॑न्त इन्द्र म॒रुत॑स्त॒ ओज॑: । माध्यं॑दिने॒ सव॑ने वज्रहस्त॒ पिबा॑ रु॒द्रेभि॒: सग॑णः सुशिप्र ॥
ये । ते॒ । शुष्म॑म् । ये । तवि॑षीम् । अव॑र्धन् । अर्च॑न्तः । इ॒न्द्र॒ । म॒रुतः॑ । ते॒ । ओजः॑ । माध्य॑न्दिने । सव॑ने । व॒ज्र॒ऽह॒स्त॒ । पिब॑ । रु॒द्रेभिः॑ । सऽग॑णः । सु॒ऽशि॒प्र॒ ॥
ye | te | śuṣmam | ye | taviṣīm | avardhan | arcantaḥ | indra | marutaḥ | te | ojaḥ | mādhyandine | savane | vajra-hasta | piba | rudrebhiḥ | sa-gaṇaḥ | su-śipra
44
4 × ~11
Declarative first half (identification of Maruts as ojas), imperative second half (drink!).
Creates conviction and mobilization; good for invoking energetic alignment before action.
- शुष्म (śuṣma)
- Literal: force, energy. Symbolic: Dynamic strength of consciousness for overcoming resistance
- तविषी (taviṣī)
- Literal: might, power. Symbolic: Concentrated potency of the illumined mind
- मरुतः (marutaḥ)
- Literal: Maruts. Symbolic: Life-energies, vital dynamisms, storm-forces that support ascent
- ओजः (ojaḥ)
- Literal: vigor, sap. Symbolic: Sustaining inner strength that carries illumination into action
- वज्रहस्त (vajrahasta)
- Literal: thunderbolt-handed. Symbolic: Mind with decisive will/insight that can break the Coverer
- माध्यन्दिन सवन (mādhyaṃdina savana)
- Literal: midday pressing. Symbolic: Peak moment for concentrated offering and reception
- रुद्रेभिः (rudrebhiḥ)
- Literal: with the Rudras. Symbolic: With purifying, transformative intensities
Mādhyaṃdina-savana: Indra’s Soma-drinking with the Marut/Rudra host; reinforces the liturgical pairing Indra-Maruts.
Mādhyandina savana; especially where Indra is invoked with his host.
Recitation during offering to Indra; communal reinforcement of Indra-Marut alliance.
Use to align scattered energies: call the ‘Maruts’ (restless drives) to become praise—supportive momentum—for a higher decision.
śuṣma- denotes driving energy/impulse; taviṣī- ‘might’ (strength term). √vṛdh ‘grow’ (PIE *werdʰ-) underlies the repeated ‘increase’ motif. vajra- thunderbolt is a central Indra emblem; ojas- ‘vigor’ ties to vitality semantics.
increase/growth of divine force through praise (arc), collective energies as facets of one power (ojas)
When Marut energies ‘praise’ (move in rhythm), force becomes right force under R̥ta.
Vajra as truth-decision that cuts through confusion.
Psychological monism-in-practice: many powers as functions of one evolving consciousness.
Midday
Storm-winds = prāṇa currents; thunderbolt = decisive insight; midday = maximal clarity; Soma = joy that fuels courage.
- What is the primary Vedic 'mythologem' present in this verse?
- The empowerment of Indra by the Maruts through praise and companionship; the collective storm-powers are declared to be Indra’s own ojas. Innerly, allied life-energies, when harmonized and uplifted, become the very strength of the illumined will.
- How does the linguistic structure reflect Proto-Indo-European roots?
- The repeated √vṛdh ‘increase’ is a classic IE growth-verb used for both physical and spiritual augmentation. The epithet structure (vajra-hasta, su-śipra) reflects archaic IE poetic compounding and formulaic praise.
- What is the relationship between the Rishi and the Devata here?
- The rishi frames the ritual-social ontology of powers: the Maruts’ praise is not decorative but constitutive of Indra’s strength. The invitation to drink ‘with’ the Rudras encodes a yogic principle of integration—Indra’s force acts best when supported by coordinated energies.
Gather prāṇic currents into a single upward praise; then let decisive insight act from the brow.
Ājñā (vajra-like decision) supported by Maṇipūra (ojas)
3-part breath: inhale (gather), brief hold (focus), exhale (offer/praise); 6–9 cycles, then chant once.
Unified energetic clarity; readiness for inner breakthrough.
When you feel mental light but weak follow-through, invoke this verse: feel Marut energies becoming allies; then make one clean ‘vajra’ decision and rest in the joy that follows.
Follow Rigvedic accents; keep vocatives (indra, vajrahasta, suśipra) clearly articulated with the melodic rise/fall appropriate to udatta/svarita.
Slightly emphasize the parallelism: ye te śuṣmaṃ / ye taviṣīm; then a firmer imperative on pibā.
: keep ṣ (retroflex) distinct from ś., : long ī; avoid ‘tavishi’ short ending., : clear jra cluster., : keep u-u short-short; śipra with ś.
Commanding, energized, but not shouted; maintain clarity over volume.
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