Sukta 110
Sukta 1.110
Jagatī (probable; longer cadence typical of Ṛbhu hymns)
This hymn praises the Ṛbhus—the divine artisan-brothers—celebrating their power to perfect, measure, and renew sacrificial work into a “sweet” inspired offering. Through images of crafted vessels, measured space, and satisfaction at svāhā, it asks the Ṛbhus (and Indra as ṛbhumān) to bestow radiant gifts, fame, and plenitude. The closing widens the blessing to a cosmic chorus—Mitra-Varuṇa, Aditi, Sindhu, Earth, and Heaven—so the sacrifice becomes universally supported.
In this hymn
Addressed to
Mantras
Mantra 1
ततं मे अपस्तदु तायते पुनः स्वादिष्ठा धीतिरुचथाय शस्यते । अयं समुद्र इह विश्वदेव्यः स्वाहाकृतस्य समु तृप्णुत ऋभवः ॥
मैंने जो काम शुरू किया है, वो फैलता जा रहा है। सबसे अच्छा आइडिया गाने के लिए तैयार है। यह जगह समुंदर जैसी है, भगवान की तरफ से। रिभु नाम के देवता, जो स्वहा के साथ दिया गया है, उससे खुश हो जाओ।
Mantra 2
आभोगयं प्र यदिच्छन्त ऐतनापाकाः प्राञ्चो मम के चिदापयः । सौधन्वनासश्चरितस्य भूमनागच्छत सवितुर्दाशुषो गृहम् ॥
वो लोग बड़ा आनंद ढूंढते हुए आगे बढ़े। मेरे पानी भी बहने लगे। फिर सौधन्वन, जो रिभु कहते हैं, अपने काम की वजह से बड़े हो गए। वो सवितर भगवान के घर पहुंचे, जो देनेवाला है।
Mantra 3
तत्सविता वोऽमृतत्वमासुवदगोह्यं यच्छ्रवयन्त ऐतन । त्यं चिच्चमसमसुरस्य भक्षणमेकं सन्तमकृणुता चतुर्वयम् ॥
सवितर भगवान ने तुम्हे अमरत्व दिया, जो छुपा हुआ है। जब तुम सच सुना रहे थे, तब यह हुआ। एक ही प्याला था, असुर का, तुमने उसे चार बना दिया।
Mantra 4
विष्ट्वी शमी तरणित्वेन वाघतो मर्तासः सन्तो अमृतत्वमानशुः । सौधन्वना ऋभवः सूरचक्षसः संवत्सरे समपृच्यन्त धीतिभिः ॥
इन्होंने सही जगह ढूंढ ली और पार कर गए। यह लोग इंसान थे, फिर भी अमर हो गए। सौधन्वन रिभु, जिनकी आंखें सूरज जैसी थी, साल भर में अपने ज्ञान के साथ जुड़ गए।
Mantra 5
क्षेत्रमिव वि ममुस्तेजनेनँ एकं पात्रमृभवो जेहमानम् । उपस्तुता उपमं नाधमाना अमर्त्येषु श्रव इच्छमानाः ॥
जैसे खेत नापते हैं, वैसे ही इन्होंने उस एक प्याले को नापा। लोगों ने उनकी तारीफ की, वो बड़े बनने की कोशिश कर रहे थे। वो अमर लोगों के बीच कभी ना खत्म होने वाली बड़ाई चाहते थे।
Mantra 6
आ मनीषामन्तरिक्षस्य नृभ्यः स्रुचेव घृतं जुहवाम विद्मना । तरणित्वा ये पितुरस्य सश्चिर ऋभवो वाजमरुहन्दिवो रजः ॥
हम अपनी सोच को घी की तरह साफ करके ऊपर भेजते हैं। यह सोच आसमान की तरफ जाती है और लोगों तक पहुँचती है। रिभु नाम के लोग अपने बाप के साथ रहते थे। वो उनकी ताकत से आगे बढ़ के ऊपर दुनिया में पहुँच गए।
Mantra 7
ऋभुर्न इन्द्रः शवसा नवीयानृभुर्वाजेभिर्वसुभिर्वसुर्ददिः । युष्माकं देवा अवसाहनि प्रियेऽभि तिष्ठेम पृत्सुतीरसुन्वताम् ॥
रिभु हमारे लिए इंद्र जैसा बन जाए, ताकत में और बड़ा हो जाए। वो हमें धन और सम्पन्नता दे। देवी-देवताओं, आपकी मदद से जंग के दिन हम दुश्मनों पर जीत पाएँ। जो लोग सोम नहीं बनाते, उनकी हरकतें हम रोक सकें।
Mantra 8
निश्चर्मण ऋभवो गामपिंशत सं वत्सेनासृजता मातरं पुनः । सौधन्वनासः स्वपस्यया नरो जिव्री युवाना पितराकृणोतन ॥
रिभु लोगों ने चमडे से गाय बना दी। फिर उसके बछडे को उसके साथ जोड दिया और माँ को वापस ला दिया। सौधन्वनस, तुमने अपनी काम की वजह से दो बुढे लोगों को फिर से जवान बना दिया।
Mantra 9
वाजेभिर्नो वाजसातावविड्ढ्यृभुमाँ इन्द्र चित्रमा दर्षि राधः । तन्नो मित्रो वरुणो मामहन्तामदितिः सिन्धुः पृथिवी उत द्यौः ॥
इंद्र, तुम्हारी ताकत से हमें धन मिलने में मदद करो। तुम हमें ऐसा धन दिखाओ जो चमकता हो। मित्र और वरुण इसको बड़ा करें। अदिति, नदी, धरती और आसमान सब मिलकर हमें आशीर्वाद दें।
Inside Sukta 110
How it unfolds
- Where it opens
The poet presents the sacrificial work as repeatedly extended and refined, and offers the ‘sweetest’ inspired thought for proclamation.
- Development
Craft imagery intensifies: the Ṛbhus’ measuring, shaping, and striving for the supreme likeness becomes a paradigm of how ritual gains immortal fame.
- Climax
The hymn’s pivotal request: the Ṛbhus are urged to be fully satisfied by the svāhā-made offering—signaling ritual completion and efficacy.
- Where it settles
It closes with a broad benediction: Indra (as ṛbhumān) is asked to reveal a radiant gift, and the cosmic powers (Mitra-Varuṇa, Aditi, Sindhu, Earth, Heaven) are invoked to magnify it.
The deity: Ṛbhavaḥ
- Cosmic functionThey represent the cosmic principle of perfected formation: measuring, shaping, and re-making forms so that order (ṛta) becomes effective in ritual and in the world’s renewal.
- Inner significanceThey signify disciplined intelligence and creative mastery—turning raw impulse into well-made offering, and ordinary action into luminous, ‘immortal’ merit through precision, patience, and right measure.
The seer
- Traditionally linked to the Ṛbhu-praise (Ṛbhukṣaṇa/Ṛbhu) poetic stream; specific seer uncertain for RV 1.110Composing craft-centered hymns that exalt the Ṛbhus as models of perfected skill (ṛbhutva) transforming the sacrifice into immortal glory.
Famous verses
svāhākṛtasya sam u tṛpṇuta ṛbhavaḥ
क्षेत्रमिव वि ममुस्तेजनेनँ एकं पात्रमृभवो जेहमानम् । उपस्तुता उपमं नाधमाना अमर्त्येषु श्रव इच्छमानाः ॥वाजेभिर्नो वाजसातावविड्ढ्यृभुमाँ इन्द्र चित्रमा दर्षि राधः । तन्नो मित्रो वरुणो मामहन्तामदितिः सिन्धुः पृथिवी उत द्यौः ॥Attributes of the deity
- Divine craftsmanship and technical mastery
- Measuring and proportion (tejana imagery)
- Renewal/re-fashioning (making old new)
- Bestowers of fame (śravas) and prosperity (vāja)
- Satisfaction through rightly offered svāhā
- Allied with Indra as ṛbhumān (Ribhu-empowered)
Also by this seer
- Associated with the broader cluster of early Rigvedic Ṛbhu hymns emphasizing divine craftsmanship and the ‘making new’ motif (notably within Mandala 1).
- Contributes to the Rigvedic theme of ritual as a work of art: precise, measured, and capable of yielding amṛta-like fame and vitality.
The rite, step by step
- Prepare the altar-space and implements with attention to measure and order (symbolic ‘measuring out the field’).
- Kindle Agni and establish the offering-flow; recite Ṛbhu verses as consecratory praise of skill and correctness.
- Offer oblations with the svāhā-call, explicitly inviting the Ṛbhus to ‘be satisfied’ with the well-made offering.
- If Soma is present, accompany pressing/offerings with Ṛbhu praise to ‘renew’ strength and secure vāja (plenitude).
- Conclude with petitions for radiant gifts and communal well-being, extending the blessing to supporting deities (Mitra-Varuṇa, Aditi, etc.).
Offerings
- Ghee/clarified butter oblations (āhuti) with svāhā
- Soma (where applicable)
- Sacrificial food portions (havis)
- Praise-hymn as an offering (stoma/uktha)
Frequently Asked Questions
The Ṛbhus are divine artisan-deities praised for extraordinary skill—measuring, shaping, and renewing sacred forms. In this hymn they are invited to accept the offering and bless the sacrificer with prosperity and fame.
The imagery teaches that the sacrifice must be made with right measure and precision. The Ṛbhus’ craftsmanship becomes a symbol for perfecting the ritual so it can yield lasting, ‘immortal’ results.
Svāhā marks the oblation as properly offered into the fire. The hymn explicitly asks the Ṛbhus to be fully satisfied with what is ‘svāhā-made,’ meaning correctly consecrated and ritually complete.
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