Rig Veda Sukta 4
Mandala 2Sukta 49 Mantras

Sukta 4

Sukta 2.4

Rishi

Gṛtsamada (traditional for RV 2.4)

Devata

Agni (Jātavedas)

Chandas

Triṣṭubh (probable; needs metrical verification)

Cet hymne invoque Agni Jātavedas comme l’« hôte des clans » rayonnant, l’établissant, à l’instar de Mitra, ferme, digne de confiance et apte à demeurer parmi les hommes en tant que médiateur divin. Il loue l’éclat multicolore d’Agni et son paradoxe de renouveler la jeunesse, et s’achève par une prière afin que, par Agni, les Gṛtsamadas s’élèvent au-delà des limites et obtiennent force héroïque, protection et accroissement vital.

Recitation with translationRig Veda 2.4

Mantras

Mantra 1

हुवे वः सुद्योत्मानं सुवृक्तिं विशामग्निमतिथिं सुप्रयसम् । मित्र इव यो दिधिषाय्यो भूद्देव आदेवे जने जातवेदाः ॥

Je vous invoque Agni, le très lumineux, la perfection de la parole hymnique, l’hôte des peuples, riche en plénitude de dons. Tel Mitra, il devient celui qu’il faut établir fermement ; dieu parmi ceux qui ne sont pas encore divins — Jātavedas, né avec la connaissance.

Mantra 2

इमं विधन्तो अपां सधस्थे द्वितादधुर्भृगवो विक्ष्वायोः । एष विश्वान्यभ्यस्तु भूमा देवानामग्निररतिर्जीराश्वः ॥

Celui-ci, les accomplisseurs du rite l’ont établi dans le siège commun des Eaux ; les Bhṛgus l’ont de nouveau fondé parmi les clans des vivants. Que cet Agni, prompt dans son mouvement, aux coursiers de vitesse, devienne pour tous les êtres la vaste assise et le soutien des dieux.

Mantra 3

अग्निं देवासो मानुषीषु विक्षु प्रियं धुः क्षेष्यन्तो न मित्रम् । स दीदयदुशतीरूर्म्या आ दक्षाय्यो यो दास्वते दम आ ॥

Agni, le bien-aimé, les dieux l’ont placé parmi les clans humains — comme on nourrit un ami tel Mitra. Il resplendit en vagues d’ardente joie ; celui qu’il faut accroître par l’habileté vient vers le donateur — dans la demeure.

Mantra 4

अस्य रण्वा स्वस्येव पुष्टिः संदृष्टिरस्य हियानस्य दक्षोः । वि यो भरिभ्रदोषधीषु जिह्वामत्यो न रथ्यो दोधवीति वारान् ॥

Sa joie est comme sa propre nourriture; manifeste au regard est l’habileté de celui qui se hâte. Celui qui porte le fardeau déploie sa langue parmi les plantes; tel un coursier de char, il secoue les voiles, ouvrant les voies.

Mantra 5

आ यन्मे अभ्वं वनदः पनन्तोशिग्भ्यो नामिमीत वर्णम् । स चित्रेण चिकिते रंसु भासा जुजुर्वाँ यो मुहुरा युवा भूत् ॥

Quand, pour moi, les mugissants, allant dans les bois, mesurèrent l’immensité et la couleur — tels des flammes avides —, alors il discerne par son éclat multicolore, dans la joie; vieillissant sans cesse, il redevient, encore et encore, jeune.

Mantra 6

आ यो वना तातृषाणो न भाति वार्ण पथा रथ्येव स्वानीत् । कृष्णाध्वा तपू रण्वश्चिकेत द्यौरिव स्मयमानो नभोभिः ॥

Celui qui, assoiffé, ne brille pas dans les bois, est pourtant conduit sur une voie, telle une route de char, suivant son propre son. Sur le chemin noir, sa chaleur connaît sa joie; tel le ciel souriant de ses nuées, il se révèle.

Mantra 7

स यो व्यस्थादभि दक्षदुर्वीं पशुर्नैति स्वयुरगोपाः । अग्निः शोचिष्माँ अतसान्युष्णन्कृष्णव्यथिरस्वदयन्न भूम ॥

Celui qui, s’étant tenu à l’écart, a brûlé à travers la vaste terre — nulle bête n’y va, d’elle‑même, sans gardien. Agni, tout de flamme, chauffant les fibres, fait goûter même la résistance noire ; il travaille le sol en douceur.

Mantra 8

नू ते पूर्वस्यावसो अधीतौ तृतीये विदथे मन्म शंसि । अस्मे अग्ने संयद्वीरं बृहन्तं क्षुमन्तं वाजं स्वपत्यं रयिं दाः ॥

Maintenant, dans l’élan de ton antique secours, au troisième vidátha je proclame la pensée inspirée. Ô Agni, donne‑nous une troupe rassemblée de héros — le Vaste, la plénitude lumineuse, le vāja — avec la bonne seigneurie et le rayí, richesse de l’être intérieur.

Mantra 9

त्वया यथा गृत्समदासो अग्ने गुहा वन्वन्त उपराँ अभि ष्युः । सुवीरासो अभिमातिषाहः स्मत्सूरिभ्यो गृणते तद्वयो धाः ॥

Par toi, ô Agni, comme les Gṛtsamadas, luttant dans les lieux cachés, s’élevèrent au‑delà des limites d’en haut — ainsi puissions‑nous devenir riches de puissances héroïques, vainqueurs des pressions hostiles ; de toi, pour les ṛṣi qui chantent, établis cette plénitude vitale et cette croissance.

Inside Sukta 4

How it unfolds

  1. Where it opens

    A direct call to the radiant Agni—perfect in speech and the peoples’ guest—asking him to be firmly established among humans like Mitra (RV 2.4.1).

  2. Development

    Agni’s dynamic epithets unfold: his expansive, many-colored brilliance and his power to measure out vastness and ‘color,’ renewing youth again and again even as he ages (e.g., RV 2.4.5).

  3. Climax

    Agni is invoked as the force by which the Gṛtsamadas, striving in hidden places, rise beyond upper limits—an image of breakthrough from concealment to higher attainment (RV 2.4.9a).

  4. Where it settles

    The hymn ends in a practical blessing: heroic offspring/strength, victory over hostile pressures, and the establishment of vayas—vital plenitude and growth—for the praising seers and patrons (RV 2.4.9b).

The deity: Agni

  • In the VedaAgni is praised as sudyotmān (well-luminous), suvṛkti (perfect in utterance), viśām atithi (guest of the peoples), and Jātavedas (knower of all births/creatures), a god who can be firmly established among men like Mitra.
  • Cosmic functionMediator between humans and gods: he receives offerings, carries them to the devas, and maintains ṛta by kindling sacrifice, light, and ordered exchange.
  • Inner significanceThe awakened inner fire of discernment and aspiration—speech made true (suvṛkti), the power that transforms raw intention into effective offering, and the renewing will that becomes ‘young again’ through repeated consecration.

The seer

  • Gṛtsamada (Bhārgava)Bhṛgu lineage (Bhārgava); traditionally of the Gṛtsamada family within Mandala 2 · Principal seer of Rigveda Mandala 2, renowned for powerful Agni hymns that frame Agni as the clan-guest (atithi) and as Jātavedas, the knower of all births.

Famous verses

viśām agnim atithim
Verse 2.4.1Sets the theological frame: Agni as the luminous clan-guest and as Jātavedas, to be established among humans ‘like Mitra’—a key ritual idea of enthroning the fire.Read verse 2.4.1 →
jujurvān yo muhur ā yuvā bhūt
Verse 2.4.5Captures Agni’s distinctive Vedic paradox: many-hued radiance that ‘measures out’ the vast, and the recurring renewal—ever-aging yet repeatedly becoming young—central to fire’s ritual re-kindling.Read verse 2.4.5 →
त्वया यथा गृत्समदासो अग्ने गुहा वन्वन्त उपराँ अभि ष्युः । सुवीरासो अभिमातिषाहः स्मत्सूरिभ्यो गृणते तद्वयो धाः ॥
Verse 2.4.9Names the seer-family and converts praise into a concrete boon: through Agni may the Gṛtsamadas transcend limits and gain heroic power, protection, and vital increase.Read verse 2.4.9 →

Attributes of the deity

  • Radiant and many-hued (citra bhāsā)
  • Guest-priest of the clans (atithi)
  • Bearer of offerings and messenger
  • Knower of births (Jātavedas)
  • Establishing, treaty-like reliability (Mitra-iva didhiṣāyya)
  • Renewing youth amid age (muhur ā yuvā bhūt)

Also by this seer

  • Primary authorship attributed to most of Rigveda Mandala 2 (many Agni-centered sūktas)
  • Associated with the Bhṛgu-Aṅgiras fire tradition in later Vedic memory
  • Hymnic style noted for strong ritual address and clan-centered theology of Agni

The rite, step by step

  • Prepare the altar/vedi and ritual space; seat the fire as the clan-guest (Agni as atithi).
  • Kindle or rekindle Agni with proper formulas, establishing him ‘like Mitra’—stable and welcome among the people.
  • Recite the hymn while offering oblations, praising Agni’s radiance and his capacity to renew and expand vital power.
  • Conclude with a petition for protection against hostile pressures and for vayas (vital growth, strength, increase) for the praising seers and patrons.

Offerings

  • Ghee (ājya) oblations
  • Kindling sticks/samidhs
  • Optional soma-related offerings in a broader rite context (where applicable)

Frequently Asked Questions

The hymn is addressed to Agni, especially in the form Jātavedas—Agni as the one who knows all births and carries offerings to the gods.

Because the sacrificial fire is welcomed into every household and clan like an honored guest; once kindled, he presides over the rite and mediates between humans and the devas.

It asks that through Agni the worshippers gain heroic strength, overcome hostile pressures, and receive vayas—vital growth, nourishment, and flourishing for those who praise.

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