
Sukta 4.19
Vāmadeva Gautama (Mandala 4 core attribution)
Indra
Trishtubh
This hymn to Indra exalts him as the uniquely chosen champion of the gods for vṛtra-slaying, the one who enlarges Heaven and Earth and restores free movement to the world. It recalls his cosmic works—stilling surging waters, making rivers fordable, and enabling swift, wide passage—while urging renewed praise that increases the poet’s inspired impulse. The sukta culminates in a fresh ‘brahman’ (sacred formulation) offered to Indra so that the singers may share in his victorious onward course.
Mantra 1
एवा त्वामिन्द्र वज्रिन्नत्र विश्वे देवासः सुहवास ऊमाः । महामुभे रोदसी वृद्धमृष्वं निरेकमिद्वृणते वृत्रहत्ये ॥
Thus, O Indra of the thunderbolt, here all the gods, well-invoking and eager, choose thee alone. Great art thou, enlarging both Heaven and Earth, lofty in growth; they single thee out for the slaying of the Obstructor.
Mantra 2
अवासृजन्त जिव्रयो न देवा भुवः सम्राळिन्द्र सत्ययोनिः । अहन्नहिं परिशयानमर्णः प्र वर्तनीररदो विश्वधेनाः ॥
As the gods like eager champions released the worlds, so thou, O Indra the universal sovereign, whose womb is Truth, didst strike the Serpent lying coiled around the flood. Thou didst open out the paths, all-nourishing, for the wide movement of the waters and the powers.
Mantra 3
अतृप्णुवन्तं वियतमबुध्यमबुध्यमानं सुषुपाणमिन्द्र । सप्त प्रति प्रवत आशयानमहिं वज्रेण वि रिणा अपर्वन् ॥
O Indra, thou didst shatter with the thunderbolt the Serpent that was never satisfied, spread out, unawakened, sunk in dull sleep; lying across the seven slopes and currents, jointless thou didst rend him apart.
Mantra 4
अक्षोदयच्छवसा क्षाम बुध्नं वार्ण वातस्तविषीभिरिन्द्रः । दृळ्हान्यौभ्नादुशमान ओजोऽवाभिनत्ककुभः पर्वतानाम् ॥
Indra with his force set the earth’s foundation in motion, as the wind drives with its powers; yearning in might, he shattered the firm holds and broke down the mountain-peaks that hemmed the way.
Mantra 5
अभि प्र दद्रुर्जनयो न गर्भं रथा इव प्र ययुः साकमद्रयः । अतर्पयो विसृत उब्ज ऊर्मीन्त्वं वृताँ अरिणा इन्द्र सिन्धून् ॥
They rushed forth like mothers towards the child; like chariots the stones moved together. Thou didst set free the heaving waves, loosed and uplifted; thou didst release the rivers that were held back, O Indra.
Mantra 6
त्वं महीमवनिं विश्वधेनां तुर्वीतये वय्याय क्षरन्तीम् । अरमयो नमसैजदर्णः सुतरणाँ अकृणोरिन्द्र सिन्धून् ॥
Thou didst set the great earth, rich in all plenitudes, flowing for swift going and wide movement. With reverence thou didst calm the surging flood; and thou didst make the rivers easy to cross, O Indra.
Mantra 7
प्राग्रुवो नभन्वो न वक्वा ध्वस्रा अपिन्वद्युवतीॠतज्ञाः । धन्वान्यज्राँ अपृणक्तृषाणाँ अधोगिन्द्रः स्तर्यो दंसुपत्नीः ॥
Forward moved the cloud-bearers, not stammering; the dark ones filled the young powers that know the Truth. The thirsty wastes and barren stretches he made full; Indra, the wise worker, milked out the streams, the spouse-powers of the home of skill.
Mantra 8
पूर्वीरुषसः शरदश्च गूर्ता वृत्रं जघन्वाँ असृजद्वि सिन्धून् । परिष्ठिता अतृणद्बद्बधानाः सीरा इन्द्रः स्रवितवे पृथिव्या ॥
Many dawns and seasons were held back; but when Indra had slain Vṛtra he sent forth the rivers. Standing around, the blocked ones were loosened and set to flow; Indra made the streams run upon the earth.
Mantra 9
वम्रीभिः पुत्रमग्रुवो अदानं निवेशनाद्धरिव आ जभर्थ । व्यन्धो अख्यदहिमाददानो निर्भूदुखच्छित्समरन्त पर्व ॥
With the help of the ants thou didst bring up from its dwelling the son who was withheld and not given. The blind one saw clearly; taking hold of the Serpent, he came forth—then even the fissures of the rock, as if cut open, joined together in the act of breaking the obstruction.
Mantra 10
प्र ते पूर्वाणि करणानि विप्राविद्वाँ आह विदुषे करांसि । यथायथा वृष्ण्यानि स्वगूर्तापांसि राजन्नर्याविवेषीः ॥
I set forth to thee thy ancient deeds; the inspired knower declares to the knowing the works thou hast wrought—how, O King, thou didst enter and pervade, again and again, the manly labours that are rightly guided by thy victorious force.
Mantra 11
नू ष्टुत इन्द्र नू गृणान इषं जरित्रे नद्यो न पीपेः । अकारि ते हरिवो ब्रह्म नव्यं धिया स्याम रथ्यः सदासाः ॥
Now praised, O Indra, now sung, thou swellest the stream of impulse for the singer as rivers fill their courses. A new word of power has been fashioned for thee, O lord of the tawny steeds; by the awakened thought may we be ever fit for the onward movement and the chariot-way of thy victory.
It declares Indra as the uniquely chosen power who defeats obstruction (Vṛtra), restores free movement in the world, and strengthens the singer with renewed inspiration and victory.
The rivers symbolize released life-force and unobstructed movement. Indra’s calming of turbulent waters and making rivers ‘easy to cross’ expresses protection, safe passage, and the return of order and fertility.
It means a “new brahman,” i.e., a freshly crafted sacred formulation or inspired hymn. The poet offers it to Indra so the worshippers gain lasting strength and readiness for successful forward progress.