Rig Veda 4.19.7: Mandala 4, Sukta 19, Mantra 7

Sukta 4.19

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; some textual difficulties in this verse)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

प्राग्रुवो नभन्वो न वक्वा ध्वस्रा अपिन्वद्युवतीॠतज्ञाः । धन्वान्यज्राँ अपृणक्तृषाणाँ अधोगिन्द्रः स्तर्यो दंसुपत्नीः ॥

Transliteration

prā́gruvo nabhánvo na vakvā́ dhvasrā́ apinvad yuvatī́r ṛtá-jñāḥ | dhánvāny ájrāṁ apṛṇak tṛṣāṇā́m ádhog índraḥ staryò dám-supatnīḥ ||

Translation

Forward moved the cloud-bearers, not stammering; the dark ones filled the young powers that know the Truth. The thirsty wastes and barren stretches he made full; Indra, the wise worker, milked out the streams, the spouse-powers of the home of skill.

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Word by Word

• प्राक्: forward, in front
• प्राक्: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्राञ्च्/प्राक् (दिक्-प्रत्यय, अव्यय)

• रुवः: the roaring/crying ones
• रुवः: Kartā
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: रु (धातु) → रुव (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक) अथवा रुव (नाम)

• नभन्वः: cloudy, sky-going (cloud-like)
• नभन्वः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नभन्/नभस् (प्रातिपदिक) + वन् (मतुप्/वन्-प्रत्यय) → नभन्व

• न: like/as; (also) not (contextually: like)
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (निपात)

• वक्वाः: eloquent/speaking ones
• वक्वाः: Kartā
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: वक्व (प्रातिपदिक; ‘वाच्/वक्’ से)

• ध्वस्राः: dark/grey (mares/cows)
• ध्वस्राः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ध्वस्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• अपिन्वत्: he caused to swell/filled
• अपिन्वत्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: पिव्/प्याय् (धातु) + अपि- (उपसर्ग) → अपि-पिन्व्

• युवतीः: young women; young (fem.)
• युवतीः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: युवती (प्रातिपदिक)

• ऋतज्ञाः: knowing ṛta (cosmic order)
• ऋतज्ञाः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ऋत-ज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक; ‘ऋत’ + ‘ज्ञा/ज्ञ’ )

• धन्वानि: wastes/deserts; dry tracts
• धन्वानि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धन्वन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• अज्रान्: open, unobstructed; wide
• अज्रान्: Viśeṣaṇa (of धन्वानि) / Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अज्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• अपृणक्: he filled
• अपृणक्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: पॄ/पृ (धातु ‘to fill’) + आ/अप? (यहाँ: अ-augment) → अपृणक्

• तृषाणाम्: of the thirsty ones
• तृषाणाम्: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: तृषा (प्रातिपदिक)

• अधोगिन्: going downward; descending
• अधोगिन्: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अधस् (अव्यय/उपसर्ग) + गिन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘गम्’ से) → अधोगिन्

• इन्द्रः: Indra
• इन्द्रः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• स्तर्यः: spreading/laying out
• स्तर्यः: Viśeṣaṇa (of इन्द्रः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्तर्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘स्तॄ/स्तृ’ ‘to spread/lay’ से)

• दंसुपत्नीः: wives of skill/ritual power (i.e., attendant women/consorts)
• दंसुपत्नीः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दंसु-पत्नी (समास; दंसु ‘कर्म/कौशल’ + पत्नी)