Rig Veda 1.21.4 — Mandala 1, Sukta 21, Mantra 4

Sukta 1.21

Devata: Indrāgnī

Chandas: Gāyatrī (likely for early RV dual-invocation hymns; not verified from input)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

उग्रा सन्ता हवामह उपेदं सवनं सुतम् । इन्द्राग्नी एह गच्छताम् ॥

Transliteration

ugrā́ sántā havāmaha úpedáṃ sávanaṃ sutám | indrāgnī éha gacchatām ||

Translation

হে উগ্রস্বরূপ, এই সুত সवन—নিষ্পেষিত সোম-অর্পণ—এর নিকটে আসার জন্য আমরা তোমাদের আহ্বান করি। ইন্দ্র ও অগ্নি, এখানে এসো।

Word by Word

• उग्राः: fierce, mighty (ones)
• उग्राः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उग्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• सन्ता: being, existing; (the) two being
• सन्ता: Kartā
• Type: Adjective (present participle used adjectivally)
• Root: अस् (धातु) → सत् (वर्तमान कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक) → सन्त्

• हवामहे: we invoke, we call upon
• हवामहे: (क्रिया) —
• Type: Verb
• Root: ह्वे (धातु; Vedic: √ह्वा/ह्वे ‘to call, invoke’)

• उप: towards, near
• उप: Adhikaraṇa (directional/approach) / Upasarga
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb/preposition)
• Root: उप

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• सवनम्: Soma-pressing, libation-rite
• सवनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सवन (प्रातिपदिक; from √सु ‘to press’ → ‘pressing, Soma-pressing’)

• सुतम्: pressed (Soma), prepared
• सुतम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: सु (धातु) → सुत (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक; past passive participle)

• इन्द्राग्नी: Indra and Agni
• इन्द्राग्नी: Kartā (addressees) / Sambodhana-like address
• Type: Noun (dual deity name)
• Root: इन्द्र + अग्नि (समास; द्वन्द्व)

• इह: here
• इह: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इह

• गच्छताम्: let the two come
• गच्छताम्: (क्रिया) —
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु)