Opening the text

Bhojanīya-niyama-vidhiḥ
Ritual-Manual (Dietary Regulation and Offering Protocols)
第119章延续大地女神Pṛthivī(Dharāṇī/Vasudhā)与野猪化身Varāha之间的教诲对话。听闻前一段被称为有助于脱离轮回(saṃsāra)的业仪(karmavidhi)后,Pṛthivī提出务实的问题:应以哪些物质(dravya),并以何种与真言相连的方式来行prāpaṇa,使神明欢喜。Varāha作为通晓法(dharma-jña)且善于开示者,逐一列举可用于仪式的谷物、蔬菜、豆类及某些动物性制品,并指出应当回避之物。本章将饮食取舍视为仪轨纪律,维系吉祥与社会秩序,并含蓄地把大地的丰饶与人类受规约、不过度的供献与食用联系起来。
Verse 1
अथ भोज्यनियमविधिः ॥ धरण्युवाच ॥ एवं कर्मविधिं श्रुत्वा सर्वसंसारमोक्षणम् ॥ प्रसन्नवदनं देवं पुनर्वाक्यमुवाच ह ॥
今当叙述关于食物(供品)之规制法。大地女神(Pṛthivī)曰:闻此仪轨之法——被称能解脱一切轮回——她复又对面容安宁之神发言。
Verse 2
एवं महौजसं कर्म तव मार्गानुसारतः ॥ त्वत्तस्तु प्रापणविधिस्तव प्रीत्या मया श्रुतः ॥
如是,此大威力之行法,我已依汝所示之道而闻;并且亦从汝处,为令汝欢喜,我听受了 prāpaṇa 之仪则。
Verse 3
केन द्रव्येण संयुक्तं तन्ममाचक्ष्व माधव ॥ वसुधाया वचः श्रुत्वा वराहः प्रीतमानसः ॥
“当与何种物质相合?请告我,摩陀婆(Mādhava)。”闻大地(Vasudhā)之言,婆罗诃(Varāha)心生欢喜。
Verse 4
उवाच धर्मसंयुक्तं धर्मज्ञो वाक्यकोविदः ॥ श्रीवराह उवाच ॥ येन मन्त्रेण संयुक्तो मम प्रापणकं नयेत् ॥
他宣说与法(dharma)相应之语——知法而善言者。圣婆罗诃(Śrī Varāha)曰:“当与何种真言相合,方可行我之 prāpaṇaka?”
Verse 5
सप्त व्रीहींस्ततो गृह्य पयसासह संयुतम् ॥ परमं तस्य शाकानि मधूकोदुम्बरं तथा ॥
(婆罗诃教示:)“随后取七份稻米,与乳相和;并配以最上等的蔬菜,亦当加入摩度迦(madhūka)与优昙婆罗(udumbara)。”
Verse 6
एते चान्ये च बहवः शतशोऽथ सहस्रशः ॥ कर्मण्याश्च त एतेषां ये मया परिकीर्तिताः ॥
“此等以及其他许多——或以百计,乃至以千计——亦皆适用于仪轨之用;其中便有我所列举者。”
Verse 7
व्रीहीणां च प्रवक्ष्यामि उपयोग्यानि माधवि ॥ एकाग्रं मानसं कृत्वा प्रापणं शृणु सुन्दरि ॥
“我亦将说明适用之稻米种类,噢摩陀毗(Mādhavī)。令心专一,听我说,佳丽啊,关于 prāpaṇa(施行之法)。”
Verse 8
धर्मचिल्लिकशाकं च सुगन्धं रक्तमालिकौ ॥ दीर्घशालिमहाशाली वरकुङ्कुममाक्षिकौ ॥
“(其名如下:)法·奇利迦(dharma-cillika)之菜蔬,以及名为苏甘陀(Sugandha)与罗多·摩利迦(Rakta-mālikā)者;又有长沙利(Dīrgha-śālī)与大沙利(Mahā-śālī);并有伐罗·昆库摩(Vara-kuṅkuma)与阿克希迦(Ākṣika)。”
Verse 9
आमोदा शिवसुन्दर्यौ शिरीकाकुलशालिकाः ॥ विविधं यावकान्नं च ज्ञेयान्येतानि कर्मणि ॥
“(又有)阿摩陀(Āmodā)与湿婆·孙达丽(Śiva-sundarī),以及室利迦库罗·沙利迦(Śirīkākula-śālikā)诸品;并有种种 yāvaka(大麦)之食制——此等皆当知为可用于仪式之行。”
Verse 10
श्यामाकमिति चोक्तानि कर्माण्यानि वसुन्धरे ॥ कर्माण्यानि च शाकानि विजानीहि वसुन्धरे ॥
“‘Śyāmāka’(一种黍/小米)等物被宣说为适用于祭仪之业,噢大地女神瓦孙达拉。亦当知晓,噢瓦孙达拉,哪些蔬菜适合用于此类祭仪行持。”
Verse 11
एतानि प्रतिगृह्णामि यच्च भागवतं प्रियम् ॥ मार्गमांसं वरं छागं शासं समनुयुज्यते ॥
“这些我予以受纳,并连同一切为奉主之人(bhāgavata,薄伽梵的信徒)所珍爱的供品。诸肉之中,鹿肉被视为上品;山羊亦受称许,并说应依仪轨正当使用。”
Verse 12
एतानि प्रापणे दद्यान्मम चैतत्प्रियावहम् ॥ युञ्जानो वितते यज्ञे ब्राह्मणे वेदपारगे ॥
“当施与分配之时,应当布施这些;于我而言,此能带来悦意之果。若祭祀(yajña)正当展开并延续,应以这些供施供养一位通达并精熟吠陀的婆罗门。”
Verse 13
भागो ममास्ति तत्रापि पशूनां छागलस्य च ॥ माहिषं वर्जयेन्मह्यं क्षीरं दधि घृतं ततः ॥
“于彼处亦有我之分:在诸兽供之中,尤以山羊为然。为我之故,当避水牛;应以乳、凝乳(dadhi)与酥油(ghee)为供。”
Verse 14
वर्जयेत्तत्र मांसानि यजुषा वैष्णवोऽश्नुते ॥ परं पायसमपि वर्ज्यानि तन्मांसं चेतकः खुरे ॥
“在此情境中,应当避诸肉食;毗湿奴信徒(Vaiṣṇava)唯在诵持《夜柔吠陀》祭词(Yajus)之规制下方可受用。即便最上等的乳饭甜粥(pāyasa),若与该肉相连亦当回避——此即本段所示之教诫。”
Verse 15
पक्षिणां च प्रवक्ष्यामि ये प्रयोज्या वसुन्धरे ॥ ये चैव मम क्षेत्रेषु उपयुज्यन्ति नित्यशः ॥
我也将宣说,噢大地女神婆苏恩达拉,在此世间应当使用哪些鸟类——即那些在我神圣境域中恒常被采用者。
Verse 16
लावकं वार्त्तिकं चैव प्रशस्तं च कपिञ्जलम् ॥ एते चान्ये च बहवः शतशोऽथ सहस्रशः ॥
所谓lāvaka与vārttika,以及备受称赞的kapiñjala——此等与其他众多者,或以百计,乃至以千计,被列为适宜之物。
Verse 17
मम कर्मणि योग्याः ये ते मया परिकीर्तिताः ॥ यस्त्वेतत्तु विजानीयात्कर्मकर्ता तथैव च ॥
凡适合我之仪轨者,皆已由我宣说列举;而能明了此义之人,确为合格的行仪者。
Verse 18
नापराध्नोति स नरो मम चोक्तं वचः प्रियॆ ॥ ते च भोज्याश्च माङ्गल्या मम भक्तसुखावहाः ॥
那人,噢爱者,依我所说之言而行则不致有过;而彼等亦可食用,且为吉祥,能为我之信众带来安乐。
Verse 19
कर्मण्या मुद्गमाषा वै तिलकङ्गुकुलित्थकाः ॥ गवेदुकं महामोहं मकुष्ठमथवाहिजाम् ॥
用于仪式者有:mudga与māṣa;芝麻、kaṅgu与kulīttha;gaveduka;mahāmoha;makuṣṭha;以及名为vāhijā之谷种。
Verse 20
ततो यष्टव्यमेवं हि य इच्छेत् सिद्धिमुत्तमाम् ॥ य एतेन विधानेन यजिष्यति वसुन्धरे
因此,若欲求至上成就,当如是如法行祭;凡依此所规定之仪轨而行供奉者,噢,婆孙达罗(大地女神)。
Pṛthivī, having heard a prior karmavidhi praised as saṃsāra-mocaka (conducive to liberation), turns to a practical doubt: which dravyas, and with what mantra-linked propriety, should be used for prāpaṇa so that the deity is genuinely pleased and the rite remains faultless.
Varāha answers as dharma-jña by laying out a rule-set of dietary and offering fitness (dravya-śuddhi): enumerating permissible grains, vegetables, legumes, and select animal-derived products for ritual use and consumption, while also indicating varjya/niṣedha items that generate ritual defect (doṣa) or inauspiciousness.
The instruction culminates in the principle that food-choice itself is a limb of ritual discipline: offerings and eating must be regulated by dharma-based suitability (yogya/karmaṇya), avoiding excess and prohibited substances, thereby aligning human consumption with auspicious order and with Pṛthivī’s rightly-managed abundance.
No explicit toponyms, river systems, or named sacred sites are mentioned in this adhyāya; the setting is a dialogic, instructional frame centered on Pṛthivī as the terrestrial principle rather than a specific locale.
The text presents regulated food selection as an ethical-ritual discipline: substances used for prāpaṇa and yajña should be chosen according to dharma-based fitness (yogya/karmaṇya), with explicit prohibitions (varjya) to prevent ritual fault (aparādha) and to maintain auspicious, socially ordered consumption tied to Pṛthivī’s terrestrial abundance.
No explicit tithi, lunar phase, month (māsa), or seasonal (ṛtu) markers are stated in the provided verses of Adhyāya 119; the prescriptions are framed as general procedural rules for ritual performance rather than time-bound observances.
Environmental balance appears implicitly through Pṛthivī’s role as interlocutor and through the emphasis on disciplined use of terrestrial produce (grains, vegetables, legumes) rather than indiscriminate consumption. By defining what is appropriate or inappropriate for offerings and eating, the chapter encodes an early form of stewardship: human ritual life is depicted as dependent on, and responsible toward, the ordered management of Earth-derived resources.
No dynastic lineages, kings, sages by name, or administrative figures are referenced in the provided text. The narrative remains focused on the instructional exchange between Varāha and Pṛthivī and on generalized categories such as brāhmaṇas who are vedapāraga (learned in the Veda).
Answers come straight from the texts, with the shlokas they draw on. Ask in your own words.
A free sign-in with Google or Apple keeps your chat saved across web and the app.
Read Varaha Purana in the Vedapath app
Scan the QR code to open this directly in the app, with word-by-word meanings, Sanskrit recitation where available, and more.