Rig Veda 4.39.5: Mandala 4, Sukta 39, Mantra 5
Sukta 4.39
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama
Devata: Mitra-Varuṇa as bestowers; Dadhikrāvan as the gifted power; Indra as comparison-model
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
इन्द्रमिवेदुभये वि ह्वयन्त उदीराणा यज्ञमुपप्रयन्तः । दधिक्रामु सूदनं मर्त्याय ददथुर्मित्रावरुणा नो अश्वम् ॥
Transliteration
índram ivéd ubháye ví hvayanta udī́rāṇā yajñám upaprayántaḥ | dadhikrā́m u sū́danaṃ mártyāya dadáthur mitrā́varuṇā no aśvám ||
Translation
仿佛呼唤因陀罗（Indra），两方齐声召请；奋起而上，向祭献推进。密特罗与伐楼那啊，你们赐予我们，为凡人之行旅，达提克拉梵（Dadhikrāvan）——那催策的骏马，使人趋向胜利。
Word by Word
इन्द्रम्Indra (as object of calling)
इन्द्रम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
इवlike, as
इव:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (निपात)
इद्indeed, just
इद्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइद् (निपात)
उभयेboth (of you two)
उभये:
कर्तृ
TypeAdjective/Pronoun
Rootउभय (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
विapart, forth (intensifier with verb)
वि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
ह्वयन्तेthey call/invoke
ह्वयन्ते:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√ह्वा (ह्वयति)
उदीराणाःraising/uttering (aloud)
उदीराणाः:
कर्तृ (ह्वयन्ते-कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeParticiple
Rootउद् + √ईर् (ईरयति/ईरते) → उदीराण (कृदन्त)
यज्ञम्the sacrifice
यज्ञम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootयज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
उपtowards, near
उप:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउप (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
प्रयन्तःgoing forth/approaching
प्रयन्तः:
कर्तृ (ह्वयन्ते-कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeParticiple
Rootप्र + √इ (एति) → प्रयन्त् (कृदन्त)
दधिक्राम्Dadhikrāvan (the divine steed)
दधिक्राम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootदधिक्रावन् (प्रातिपदिक; अश्वदेवता)
सूदनम्victorious/impelling, winning
सूदनम्:
कर्म (विशेष्य-समन्वयात्)
TypeAdjective
Rootसूदन (प्रातिपदिक; √सू/सूद् ‘to drive/impel, to win’ से)
मर्त्यायfor the mortal
मर्त्याय:
सम्प्रदान
TypeNoun
Rootमर्त्य (प्रातिपदिक)
ददथुःyou two have given
ददथुः:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√दा (ददाति)
मित्रावरुणाMitra and Varuṇa
मित्रावरुणा:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र + वरुण (द्वन्द्व-समास प्रातिपदिक)
नःour, to us
नः:
सम्बन्ध (स्वाम्य/सम्बन्ध)
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम)
अश्वम्a horse
अश्वम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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