Rig Veda 4.21.6: Mandala 4, Sukta 21, Mantra 6
Sukta 4.21
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional)
Devata: Indra (context), with strong ritual-psychological presence of Hotṛ/Vahni (Agni-function) in the verse imagery
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
धिषा यदि धिषण्यन्तः सरण्यान्त्सदन्तो अद्रिमौशिजस्य गोहे । आ दुरोषाः पास्त्यस्य होता यो नो महान्त्संवरणेषु वह्निः ॥
Transliteration
dhíṣā yádi dhiṣaṇyántaḥ saraṇyā́n sádanto ádrim auśijásya góhe | ā́ duróṣāḥ pāstyásya hótā yó no mahā́nt saṃ-váraṇēṣu váhniḥ ||
Translation
当凭由灵感之智（dhiṣā），求索者得以胜任；坐入迅疾流转的行道之中，他们为寻得“牛”（go，光明）而压榨奥施吉（Auśija）之石。于是，家宅之祭官（Hotṛ）前来，居处广大；为我等而有那伟大的承载之焰（vahni），在诸围护之所中。
Word by Word
धिषाby/with inspiration (thought, insight)
धिषा:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootधिषा- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘धिष्/धिष्’ बुद्धि-प्रेरणा)
यदिif/when
यदि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि (अव्यय)
धिषण्यन्तःthe inspired/impelling ones
धिषण्यन्तः:
कर्तृ
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootधिषण्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘प्रेरक/प्रज्ञावान्’)
सरण्यान्the swift/approachable ones
सरण्यान्:
कर्म
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootसरण्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘सरणीय/शीघ्रगामी/आश्रयणीय’)
सदन्तःsitting down, taking their seats
सदन्तः:
कर्तृ
TypeVerb (present participle)
Root√सद् (सीदति ‘to sit, settle’)
अद्रिम्the stone/pressing-stone (or rock)
अद्रिम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootअद्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
औशिजस्यof Auśija
औशिजस्य:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
TypeNoun (patronymic/epithet)
Rootऔशिज (प्रातिपदिक; उशिज्-सम्बन्धी/औशिज ‘of Uśij/descendant of Uśij’)
गोहेin the cows’ enclosure / at the cow-stall
गोहे:
अधिकरण
TypeNoun (locative compound form)
Rootगो- + √हा/√हन्? (गोहे = गो-हे ‘in the cow-pen/at the cow’s place’; RV idiom)
आtowards, hither
आ:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
दुरोषाःthe hard-dwelling/strong ones
दुरोषाः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun/Adjective (used substantively)
Rootदुरोष (प्रातिपदिक; ‘दुर्-ओष’ कठिन-आवास/दुर्ग-आश्रय; RV epithet)
पास्त्यस्यof the dwelling/household
पास्त्यस्य:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootपास्त्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘गृह/निवास, household’)
होताthe Hotṛ-priest (invoker)
होता:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootहोतृ (प्रातिपदिक; from √हु ‘to sacrifice, invoke’)
यःwho
यः:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
नःof us/our
नः:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम)
महान्great
महान्:
कर्तृ (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत् (प्रातिपदिक)
संवरणेषुin the enclosures/coverings
संवरणेषु:
अधिकरण
TypeNoun
Rootसंवरण (प्रातिपदिक; ‘आवरण/आच्छादन, enclosure’)
वह्निःthe bearer (Agni), the carrier
वह्निः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootवह्नि (प्रातिपदिक; ‘carrier’, esp. Agni as bearer)
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