Rig Veda 3.9.4: Mandala 3, Sukta 9, Mantra 4
Sukta 3.9
Rishi: Gāthina Viśvāmitra (traditional attribution for RV 3.9)
Devata: Agni (hidden and rediscovered; also as Jātavedas implicitly)
Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; verify in critical edition)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
ईयिवांसमति स्रिधः शश्वतीरति सश्चतः । अन्वीमविन्दन्निचिरासो अद्रुहोऽप्सु सिंहमिव श्रितम् ॥
Transliteration
īyivā́ṃsam áti srídhaḥ śáśvatīr áti sáścataḥ | ánv īm avindan nicirā́so ádruho ’psú síṃham iva śritám ||
Translation
那位正前行者，他们追随他，越过断裂之处，越过绵延不绝之程。那些忍耐而不受欺诳者寻得了他——如狮子栖止于水中——安立在深处。
Word by Word
ईयिवांसम्the one who has gone/approached (i.e., the approaching one)
ईयिवांसम्:
कर्म (of ‘found’)
TypeAdjective (participial)
Rootई (धातु) → ईयिवांस् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक) [= गम्/इ-भावार्थे ‘gone/approached’]
अतिover, beyond
अति:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअति (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
स्रिधःobstacles, hindrances
स्रिधः:
अधिकारण/अपादान (sense: ‘beyond obstacles’; governed by अति)
TypeNoun
Rootस्रिध् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘obstacle/hostility/impediment’)
शश्वतीःeverlasting, continual
शश्वतीः:
कर्तृ (qualifying the subject ‘they’)
TypeAdjective
Rootशश्वत् (प्रातिपदिक)
अतिover, beyond
अति:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअति (अव्यय)
सश्चतःfollowing, pursuing
सश्चतः:
कर्तृ
TypeVerb (participle)
Rootसश्च् (धातु ‘to follow/attend/seek’)
अनुafter, along
अनु:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअनु (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
ईम्him/it (enclitic)
ईम्:
कर्म (enclitic ‘him/it’ with ‘found’)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootईम् (निपात/अव्यय; enclitic pronoun-like particle)
अविन्दन्they found
अविन्दन्:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootविद् (धातु ‘to find/know’) + अव- (उपसर्ग)
निचिरासःthose of long duration / long-continued (seekers)
निचिरासः:
कर्तृ (subject of ‘found’)
TypeAdjective/Noun
Rootनिचिर (प्रातिपदिक; ‘long time/slowly/after long’)
अद्रुहःnon-hostile, uninjuring
अद्रुहः:
कर्तृ (qualifying the finders)
TypeAdjective
Rootद्रुह् (धातु ‘to harm, be hostile’) with privative अ- → अद्रुह् (प्रातिपदिक)
अप्सुin the waters
अप्सु:
अधिकारण
TypeNoun
Rootअप् (प्रातिपदिक ‘water’)
सिंहम्a lion
सिंहम्:
उपमान (in इव-comparison)
TypeNoun
Rootसिंह (प्रातिपदिक)
इवlike, as
इव:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (अव्यय)
श्रितम्resting/lying, having resorted (to)
श्रितम्:
कर्म (as found object, described)
TypeVerb (past participle)
Rootश्रि (धातु ‘to lean on, resort to, take refuge’) → श्रित (क्त)
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