Rig Veda 3.49.3: Mandala 3, Sukta 49, Mantra 3
Sukta 3.49
Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (attributed for Mandala 3 core; hymn-level attribution assumed)
Devata: Indra (as the battle-crosser and giver; Bhaga is a comparative epithet here, not primary addressee)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for 3.49; verse length and cadence consistent)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
सहावा पृत्सु तरणिर्नार्वा व्यानशी रोदसी मेहनावान् । भगो न कारे हव्यो मतीनां पितेव चारुः सुहवो वयोधाः ॥
Transliteration
sahā́vā pṛtsú taraṇír nā́rvā vyānaśī́ rodasī́ mehanā́vān | bhágo ná kāré havyo matīnā́m pitā́iva cā́ruḥ suhávo vayaḥdhā́ḥ ||
Translation
在诸争战中他为同盟之强者；为渡越者，如疾驰之马。他扩展两界（天地、内外），为大能的倾注者，倾下丰饶之水。如同薄伽（Bhaga）施与之时，他当为诸思启之灵感所祈唤；如父亲般，他可爱而易于呼请，赐予生机。
Word by Word
सहावाmighty, prevailing
सहावा:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootसहावन् (प्रातिपदिक; सह् ‘to overcome/prevail’ + -आवन्) अथवा सहस्-वान्
पृत्सुin battles
पृत्सु:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun
Rootपृत्/पृत्स् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘battle, fight’
तरणिःthe overcomer, deliverer
तरणिः:
Kartā
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootतरणि (प्रातिपदिक; √तॄ ‘to cross, overcome’)
नnot / like (contextual particle)
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
अर्वाa steed, horse
अर्वा:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootअर्वन् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘horse, steed’
व्यानशीthe all-reaching/pervading one
व्यानशी:
Kartā
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootव्यानशि (प्रातिपदिक; व्य्-√अश्/अंश् ‘to reach/attain, pervade’—वैदिक)
रोदसीthe two worlds (heaven and earth)
रोदसी:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरोदसी (द्विवचन-प्रातिपदिक) ‘heaven and earth’
मेहनावान्possessing generative power; potent
मेहनावान्:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootमेहनावन् (प्रातिपदिक; मेहना ‘urine/seed; generative power’ + -वान्)
भगःBhaga (the bestower)
भगः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootभग (प्रातिपदिक) ‘Bhaga; distributor, fortune’
नlike
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
कारेin the chant/praise (at the rite)
कारे:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun
Rootकार (प्रातिपदिक) ‘praise/song; act’
हव्यःto be invoked; worthy of offering
हव्यः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootहव्य (प्रातिपदिक; √हु ‘to sacrifice’ → ‘oblation-worthy/invocable’)
मतीनाम्of the thoughts/hymns
मतीनाम्:
Sampradāna
TypeNoun
Rootमति (प्रातिपदिक) ‘thought, hymn, devotion’
पिताa father
पिता:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ (प्रातिपदिक) ‘father’
इवlike
इव:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
चारुःlovely, dear
चारुः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootचारु (प्रातिपदिक) ‘dear, lovely’
सुहवःeasy to invoke; graciously called
सुहवः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootसु-हव (प्रातिपदिक; सु + हव ‘good to invoke/easy to call’)
वयोधाःbestower of vital strength (life-power)
वयोधाः:
Kartā
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootवयो-धा (प्रातिपदिक; वयस् ‘vital strength/age’ + √धा ‘to place, bestow’)
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