Rig Veda 2.4.7: Mandala 2, Sukta 4, Mantra 7
Sukta 2.4
Rishi: Gṛtsamada
Devata: Agni
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; needs metrical verification)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
स यो व्यस्थादभि दक्षदुर्वीं पशुर्नैति स्वयुरगोपाः । अग्निः शोचिष्माँ अतसान्युष्णन्कृष्णव्यथिरस्वदयन्न भूम ॥
Transliteration
sá yó vyásthād abhí dákṣad urvī́ṃ paśúr ná eti sváyur ágopāḥ | agníḥ śóciṣmāṃ atásāny uṣṇán kṛṣṇá-vyathir asvadáyan ná bhū́ma ||
Translation
彼独自挺立，灼穿广阔大地；无有走兽能至其处——自趋而无牧守者。阿耆尼（Agni）焰光炽盛，温热诸纤维，使那黑暗的抗拒亦得其味；他令大地化为甘美。
Word by Word
सःhe
सः:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → स
यःwho
यः:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun (relative)
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → य
व्यस्थात्stood apart / took his stand
व्यस्थात्:
कर्तृ
TypeVerb
Rootस्था (धातु) + वि- (उपसर्ग)
अभिtowards, upon
अभि:
—
TypeIndeclinable (preverb)
Rootअभि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
दक्षत्was effective / accomplished
दक्षत्:
कर्तृ
TypeVerb
Rootदक्ष् (धातु: ‘to be able/act effectively; to accomplish’)
उर्वीम्the broad earth
उर्वीम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootउर्वी (प्रातिपदिक)
पशुःthe beast / cattle
पशुः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootपशु (प्रातिपदिक)
नnot
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (निपात)
एतिgoes
एति:
कर्तृ
TypeVerb
Rootइ (धातु: ‘to go’)
स्वयुःself-moving / self-guided
स्वयुः:
कर्तृ
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootस्वयु (प्रातिपदिक; ‘self-guiding/going of itself’)
अगोपाःunguarded / without a herdsman
अगोपाः:
कर्तृ
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-गोप (प्रातिपदिक; नञ् + गोप ‘herdsman/guardian’)
अग्निःAgni (fire)
अग्निः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
शोचिष्मान्flame-bright / possessing radiance
शोचिष्मान्:
कर्तृ
TypeAdjective
Rootशोचिस् (प्रातिपदिक) + -मन्त् (मतुप्)
अतसानिgarments / coverings
अतसानि:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootअतस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘garment/cloth’)
उष्णन्heating / making hot
उष्णन्:
कर्तृ
TypeParticiple (present)
Rootउष्ण (प्रातिपदिक; ‘hot’) → उष्णत् (वर्तमाने कृदन्तः)
कृष्णव्यथिःdark-trembling / causing blackening and agitation
कृष्णव्यथिः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun/Adjective (compound epithet)
Rootकृष्ण (प्रातिपदिक) + व्यथि (प्रातिपदिक; ‘trembling/affliction’) (समासः)
अस्वद्made (it) taste / made pleasant
अस्वद्:
कर्तृ
TypeVerb
Rootस्वद् (धातु: ‘to taste/be sweet; to relish’) + अ- (augment of aorist)
अयन्set in motion / drove
अयन्:
कर्तृ
TypeVerb
Rootइ (धातु: ‘to go’) + अय (caus./denom. ‘to set in motion/drive’ as Vedic finite form)
भूमthe earth / the ground
भूम:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootभूमन्/भूमि (प्रातिपदिक; ‘earth/ground, world’)
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