Rig Veda 2.28.1: Mandala 2, Sukta 28, Mantra 1
Sukta 2.28
Rishi: Gṛtsamada (Bhārgava)
Devata: Varuṇa (Āditya)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
इदं कवेरादित्यस्य स्वराजो विश्वानि सान्त्यभ्यस्तु मह्ना । अति यो मन्द्रो यजथाय देवः सुकीर्तिं भिक्षे वरुणस्य भूरेः ॥
Transliteration
idáṃ kavér ādityásya sva-rā́jo víśvāni sā́nty abhy àstu mahnā́ | áti yo mandró yajáthāya deváḥ su-kīrtíṃ bhíkṣe váruṇasya bhū́reḥ ||
Translation
这是阿底提耶（Āditya）之自王（svārāj）——圣贤的言辞；愿它以其伟力，遍覆一切已然存在的和谐与安宁。向丰饶的伐楼那（Varuṇa）我祈求善名与美誉——内在正法的声名——使那欢悦的神明为灵魂之祭（yajatha）越过诸障。
Word by Word
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karma (उद्देश्य/विषय-निर्देश) अथवा वाक्यविषय
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
कवेःof the sage/poet
कवेः:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) — ‘of the seer/poet’
TypeNoun
Rootकवि (प्रातिपदिक)
आदित्यस्यof the Āditya (Varuṇa)
आदित्यस्य:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) — ‘of Āditya (Varuṇa)’
TypeNoun
Rootआदित्य (प्रातिपदिक)
स्वराजःof the self-ruling (sovereign)
स्वराजः:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) — qualifying ‘Āditya’: ‘of the self-ruling (one)’
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootस्वराज् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘self-ruling’)
विश्वानिall (things)
विश्वानि:
Karma (of √अस् in ‘सन्ति’) / or विषय
TypeAdjective (substantive)
Rootविश्व (प्रातिपदिक)
सान्तिare
सान्ति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√अस् (भू/अस्) ‘to be’
अभिtowards, over
अभि:
उपसर्ग/दिशा-निर्देश (towards/over)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअभि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
अस्तुlet (it) be
अस्तु:
क्रिया (आशीर्वाद/विधि) — ‘let it be’
TypeVerb
Root√अस् ‘to be’
मह्नाby (his) greatness/might
मह्ना:
Karaṇa (instrumental) — ‘by/with might’
TypeNoun
Rootमघन्/महन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘greatness, might’)
अतिbeyond, exceedingly
अति:
उपसर्ग/अधिक्य (beyond, exceedingly)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअति (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
यःwho
यः:
Kartā (of implied verb/relative clause) — ‘who’
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
मन्द्रःgladdening, pleasant (mighty/joy-giving)
मन्द्रः:
Kartā-विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootमन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
यजथायfor worship, for the sacrifice
यजथाय:
Sampradāna (dative of purpose) — ‘for worship/ritual’
TypeNoun
Rootयजथ (प्रातिपदिक; ‘worship/ritual act’, ved.)
देवःthe god
देवः:
Kartā (of ‘भिक्षे’)
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक)
सुकीर्तिम्good fame, fair renown
सुकीर्तिम्:
Karma (of ‘भिक्षे’)
TypeNoun
Rootसु-कीर्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
भिक्षेI ask/beg
भिक्षे:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√भिक्ष् ‘to beg, request’
वरुणस्यof Varuṇa
वरुणस्य:
सम्बन्ध (genitive) — ‘of Varuṇa’
TypeNoun
Rootवरुण (प्रातिपदिक)
भूरेःof the abundant (one); of abundance
भूरेः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive) — qualifying Varuṇa or ‘renown’: ‘of the abundant’
TypeAdjective (substantive)
Rootभूरि (प्रातिपदिक; ‘much, abundant’)
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