Rig Veda 2.13.1: Mandala 2, Sukta 13, Mantra 1
Sukta 2.13
Rishi: Gṛtsamada (traditional attribution for RV 2.13)
Devata: Indra (traditional Anukramaṇī for RV 2.13; verse imagery also resonates with Soma/Waters as supporting powers)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (likely; requires metrical verification)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
ऋतुर्जनित्री तस्या अपस्परि मक्षू जात आविशद्यासु वर्धते । तदाहना अभवत्पिप्युषी पयोंऽशोः पीयूषं प्रथमं तदुक्थ्यम् ॥
Transliteration
ṛtur janitrī tasyā apaḥ pari makṣū jāta āviśad yāsu vardhate | tad āhanā abhavat pipyuṣī payo ’ṃśoḥ pīyūṣaṃ prathamaṃ tad ukthyam ||
Translation
时令（ṛtu）为生育之力；其周围环绕着诸水。迅疾地，他既已诞生，便进入那些他得以增长之处。于是她成为乳牛，丰腴而胀满；茎秆之乳、最初的甘露——此实堪受颂歌。
Word by Word
ऋतुःthe season; the proper time
ऋतुः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootऋतु- (प्रातिपदिक)
जनित्रीthe begetter; mother/producer
जनित्री:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Root√जन् (जनि-), कृत्: तृच्/त्री (जनित्री)
तस्याःof her
तस्याः:
Sambandha (Genitive)
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
अपःthe waters
अपः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअप्- (जल) (प्रातिपदिक)
परिaround; about
परि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपरि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
मक्षुquickly; at once
मक्षु:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमक्षु (अव्यय)
जातःborn
जातः:
Kartā (with आविशत्)
TypeAdjective/Participle
Root√जन्, क्त (जात)
आtowards; into
आ:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
अविशद्entered
अविशद्:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Root√विश् (प्रवेशने) + आ-
यासुin which (waters)
यासु:
Adhikaraṇa
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
वर्धतेgrows; increases
वर्धते:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Root√वृध् (वर्धने)
तदाthen
तदा:
कालाधिकरण (Temporal)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा (अव्यय; तद् + दा)
अहनाin two days; by (the space of) two days
अहना:
Adhikaraṇa (Temporal/Instrumental time-span)
TypeNoun
Rootअहन्- (प्रातिपदिक)
अभवत्became
अभवत्:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Root√भू (भवति)
पिप्युषीswelling; becoming full (with milk)
पिप्युषी:
Kartā (with अभवत्)
TypeAdjective/Participle
Root√प्याय्/√पि (वृद्धौ/पूरणे), कृत्: क्वसु/उषी (पिप्युषी)
पयःmilk; nourishment
पयः:
Karma (with प्रथयति implied) / or Object in apposition
TypeNoun
Rootपयस्- (प्रातिपदिक)
अंशोःof the soma-stalk / of the ray
अंशोः:
Sambandha (Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootअंशु- (प्रातिपदिक; सोम-डण्ड/किरण)
पीयूषम्sweet juice; ambrosial sap
पीयूषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपीयूष- (प्रातिपदिक)
प्रथमम्first
प्रथमम्:
Karma (qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रथम- (प्रातिपदिक)
तत्that
तत्:
Anuvāda/Correlative
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
उक्थ्यम्worthy of recitation/praise; to be sung as an uktha
उक्थ्यम्:
Karma or Predicate
TypeAdjective
Rootउक्थ्य- (प्रातिपदिक; उक्थ-सम्बद्ध)
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