Atharva Veda Anuvaka 3
Kanda 510 Suktas139 Mantras

Anuvaka 3

本段以阿闼婆吠陀式的护持与复归为旨:以咒力驱逐敌对与不祥之力,巩固居所与家宅祭火,护佑孕育与生产,系缚并安定气息(prāṇa)与生命本元(asu),延寿增力,并求战胜。其内容兼及以声与仪式技术进行的“诅咒/对抗”(如战鼓之用),以医治咒遣除热病(takmán)、虫害(krimi)与食尸鬼/疫鬼(piśāca)等病因之灵,以及对祭仪与人生礼(saṃskāra)过程的“覆盖”式守护与净化。

Suktas in Anuvaka 3

Sukta 21

《阿闼婆吠陀》5.21是一首武战性的阿毗遮罗(敌对咒术)赞歌,将战鼓(dundubhi)武器化为具生命的施行之力:其轰鸣被咒力加持,用以向敌军注入恐惧、离心与溃散。此颂反复“安置”恐惧(bhaya/trāsa)、憎恨与迷乱于敌方之中,同时召集并激励盟助的神圣“军众”,以确保胜利与战场主权。

Rishi: Atharvanic/Angiras-type attribution (martial abhicaric cluster; specific r̥ṣi varies by anukramaṇī tradition) | Devata: Dundubhi (personified drum) as operative agent; secondarily Bhaya/Trāsa as effected powers | 12 Mantras

Sukta 22

《阿闼婆吠陀》5.22是一首以驱逐为主的治病咒歌,直面被人格化的Takmán(热病、发热)为有知觉、能游走的病患之灵,命令它从病者身上“向下并远去”。诗中点名热病的剧烈形态(凶猛、赤红),以权威性的誓令封禁其复发,尤其警告Takmán不可与咳嗽及痰湿等并发症结盟。此歌的效力在于呼名病灵、指示其去向,并以咒誓封印放逐,使其不得再返。

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (often attributed to Atharvan/Angiras line for takman hymns; specific r̥ṣi not stated in the provided excerpt) | Devata: Takmán (Fever personified) | 14 Mantras

Sukta 23

《阿闼婆吠陀》5.23 为一首“灭蠕(krimi-ghna)”的疗病赞歌:先以神圣的“编织/织护”将病者包裹在防护之中,继而以强力将一切蠕虫/寄生之病在其所有藏匿处——体内、周遭以及极其微细的形态——逐一肢解、歼灭。其效力在于把侵染“总体化”(点名其形态与所在),并将言语转化为碾压性的武器;祈请天父地母(Dyāvā-Pṛthivī)、娑罗萨伐底(Sarasvatī)、因陀罗(Indra)与阿耆尼(Agni)作为围护的守卫者与处决疾病的执行者。

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (Krimi hymns; specific ṛṣi per anukramaṇī) | Devata: Dyāvā-Pṛthivī, Sarasvatī, Indra, Agni (as protectors and destroyers of krimi) | 13 Mantras

Sukta 24

《阿闼婆吠陀》5.24是一篇祈请护佑的连祷,召唤诸“主宰之力”来为一场祝圣仪式的每一层面加以“覆护”——咒语、祭仪操作、意向、决断、祝福,以及对诸神的正式召请。此诗以“主宰”(adhipati)式的统御称号来指名神祇,如“宿曜之主”“风暴神众(马鲁特)之父、牛群之主”,从而为仪式安置宇宙性的监督,使其无碍进行,并结出稳固的繁荣。

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (exact r̥ṣi attribution varies by anukramaṇī for this section) | Devata: A protective overlord figure designated by epithets (Father of the Maruts; Lord of cattle) | 17 Mantras

Sukta 25

《阿闼婆吠陀》5.25 为阿闼婆派系的产科护佑赞歌,将受孕与胎儿“安置/成立”(garbha-dhāraṇa)神圣化,祈请诸神力将胚胎植入、稳固并使之成熟,直至足月分娩。全诗以 Dhātṛ(安胎者/造立者)为中心,兼召唤生育之力(Sinīvālī、Sarasvatī、Aśvins),并以“开启/安定”的护持语汇,确保孕期无伤、生产顺遂,常明确祈愿于第十月诞下男婴。

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (hymn-family for fetal formation; specific r̥ṣi attribution varies by anukramaṇī) | Devata: Dhātṛ (embryo-establisher/creator) | 13 Mantras

Sukta 26

此颂为新建居舍(navaśālā)的家祭式安宅与祝圣:以阿耆尼(Agni)为宅第最初的守护者与奉献之载体,确立吉祥而有序的祭仪法度。通过反复“系轭/调御”(yuj)诸耶柔斯(yajus)祭辞、薪柴、svāhā呼声及相应的神力,使仪式稳固成就,驱除家内不祥,并使新空间转化为祭主(yajamāna)带来兴盛与福祉的居所。

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (anukramaṇī-dependent) | Devata: Agni | 12 Mantras

Sukta 27

《阿闼婆吠陀》5.27是一首以火供(homa)为中心的阿耆尼赞歌:召请火神作为载运者(vahni)“向前推进”,并通过如法奉献的供物,使其祭祀威严得以显现,从而坚固祭仪(adhvara)。此咒旨在安定祭场、成就息灾(śānti),并增益福祉与兴盛(paustika):使供献(havis)得以调和甘美、顺利倾注并安全传达诸神,同时抚平并消除足以扰乱仪式的障碍。

Rishi: Traditionally Angiras/Atharvanic attribution for Agni-yajña material (exact r̥ṣi for AV 5.27 requires recension-specific anukramaṇī confirmation). | Devata: Agni | 12 Mantras

Sukta 28

《阿闼婆吠陀》5.28是一首“长寿”(Āyuṣya)的疗愈咒,旨在收摄、衡量并重新系固诸般气息(prāṇa),使受持者得以达到“百秋”之寿。其法以九重次第安顿生命之息,令元气稳固;并以三组三金属为封护之印,由苦行/炽光(tapas/tejas)所祝圣,又借季节与岁时(ṛtu/saṃvatsara)之力加固。

Rishi: Atharvanic healer tradition (Āyuṣya corpus) | Devata: Dīrghāyuḥ (personified Long-life) / Prāṇa as operative power | 14 Mantras

Sukta 29

《阿闼婆吠陀》5.29 为一首强力的“驱魔—医治”(rakṣoghna-bhaiṣajya)赞歌,召请生知者阿耆尼(Agni Jātavedas)为医师与灭魔者,驱逐被认为正在侵害病者、噬食血肉的毗舍遮(Piśāca)。咒辞以刺穿、切割与反击等意象,将阿耆尼炽燃的澄明化作外科式的祓除,复原身体的完整,恢复力量与生命。全诗以复苏的祝福作结:增长、清净、脱离消耗性疾病(yakṣma),并得以继续生存。

Rishi: Atharvanic/Angiras-type tradition (exorcistic corpus; specific r̥ṣi attribution varies by anukramaṇī) | Devata: Agni (as rakṣohā) and the targeted Piśāca (as adversary) | 15 Mantras

Sukta 30

《阿闼婆吠陀》5.30是一首延寿的阿闼婆系护咒,通过“牢牢系缚”生命之气(asu),并召回四散的诸机能,阻止人滑向死亡。诗中明言封堵通往祖灵(Pitṛs)的道路——即亡者所趋之处——并驱却敌对之力,包括被认为甚至可能出自亲族圈内的加害。其效力被表述为重新整合:气息、心意、视力、力量与身体的安定被再度聚合,使病者仍留此世,稳立于生者之域。

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (longevity charms frequently ascribed to Atharvan seers in ancillary lists) | Devata: Āyus/Asu (vital breath) with implicit opposition to Mṛtyu; Pitṛs as the avoided destination | 17 Mantras

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