Atharva Veda Anuvaka 2
Kanda 210 Suktas56 Mantras

Anuvaka 2

本段主旨在于通过反转敌意与驱邪(rakṣa)之仪,守护生命气息与家宅疆域。内容包括:对敌/对手之怨憎的回转(dveṣa-pratiprasava)与“兄弟敌”(bhrātṛvya)的摧灭;延寿(āyusya)仪轨——安定出入息(prāṇa–apāna)并禳避死神(Mṛtyu);家居驱鬼护宅,防御诸bhūta、rākṣasa及女性致病者;以天—地—中空(Antarikṣa)为界构成对田宅(kṣetra)的宇宙性围护;并施行诸根(indriya)之安置与复原。

Suktas in Anuvaka 2

Sukta 11

《阿闼婆吠陀》2.11是一则简短的阿闼婆系咒法,用以对治竞争与仇怨:将敌对的dveṣa(憎怨、敌意)反转回施怨者自身,同时加持施行者/赞助者“获得更佳之分”(śreyas),并越过对手与其“相等的地位”。全诗五节近似anuṣṭubh体,先为破坏性力量重新命名(败坏、武器、忿怒等),继而以光辉与光明再度祝圣行咒者/赞助者,宣示咒语之梵力(言语之力)既能拒退侵害,也能确保更高的兴盛与福分。

Rishi: Atharvanic/Angirasa tradition (ascribed at the hymn level in many indices; verse-level r̥ṣi not separately specified). | Devata: Dveṣa (enmity) as a hostile force to be reversed; implicitly the mantra’s own brahman-power (vac) as agent. | 5 Mantras

Sukta 12

《AVŚ 2.12》是一首用途复合的阿闼婆系赞歌:它把行法者所栖居的领地(kṣetra,田界/疆域)安置在宏大的宇宙围护之中——天与地以及中空界——并以风神(Vāta)为守护,使一切敌对的侵害被迫反弹,回击其施害者。全诗结合了护身性的反咒与反巫术:以“热力/苦行之火”(tapas)灼返攻击者,并借因陀罗击倒那伤害心神者;末段则转为复原与安定,由火神阇多吠陀(Agni Jātavedas)重新确立受害者的立足、气息(asu)与言语(vāk),并召请人格化的“田地之女主人”(Kṣetrasya Patnī)守护其境。

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (attribution varies by anukramaṇī; commonly classed under Atharvan/Āṅgirasa protective charms) | Devata: Dyāvāpr̥thivī and Antárikṣa (cosmic regions) with Vāta as guardian; also the personified Kṣetrasya Patnī (Field’s Lady) | 8 Mantras

Sukta 13

《阿闼婆吠陀》2.13是一首祈求长寿与护佑的赞歌,向作为āyurdāḥ(生命的赐予者)的阿耆尼祈请,使受祈者得享成熟的高龄(jaras),并如父亲环护子女般守卫之。赞歌以阿耆尼滋养性的“酥与蜜”意象为伴,又以护身之衣(vāsaḥ)作为可携带的护盾,用以抵御诅咒与伤害,从而为家宅与畜群封固安康、财富与增益。

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (often transmitted under Atharvan/Āṅgiras lineages; specific r̥ṣi attribution depends on anukramaṇī tradition for AVŚ 2.13). | Devata: Agni (as āyurdāḥ—bestower of longevity and protector). | 5 Mantras

Sukta 14

《阿闼婆吠陀》2.14是一首“破除罗刹/驱邪”的护宅赞歌,以强力将bhūta(鬼魅之类)、rākṣasa(罗刹)以及被点名的女性致病/加害者逐出家宅及其易受侵袭的关节要害处(如地基、牛栏、车与车轴)。赞歌安置因陀罗为常驻于居所、手持金刚杵的守护者;而“众生之主”Bhūtapati则作为统御与驱遣者,将敌对之众赶出门外。全诗的效力被表述为一次彻底的“驱逐与清空”——把入侵者推离家内界限之外,并封固宅第,使之成为受护的空间。

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (seer attribution varies by anukramaṇī for this hymn) | Devata: Indra (as rakṣas-slayer) and Bhūtapati (as overlord/controller of beings) | 6 Mantras

Sukta 15

这首简短的《阿闼婆吠陀》疗愈—护身赞歌直接呼唤并命令普拉那(生命之息),使其在病者体内安住不动、无惧且不受伤害。通过将病者的生命气与不可侵犯的宇宙与社会典范相对齐——昼与夜、婆罗门与刹帝利、过去与未来——它用以对治惊厥、恐慌,以及在崩溃前先行出现的普拉那“逃逸”之危。其效力在于反复的、使之稳定的类比句式(yathā… evā…),以仪式性的方式把普拉那重新“安置”于坚固与延续之中。

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (exact r̥ṣi attribution depends on anukramaṇī tradition for AVŚ 2.15) | Devata: Prāṇa (vital breath), with implicit support of Ahaḥ–Rātrī (Day and Night) as cosmic exemplars | 6 Mantras

Sukta 16

这则简短的阿闼婆吠陀护命咒(āyusya)以凝定生命之息——普拉那(Prāṇa)与阿帕那(Apāna)——来抵御死神摩利提优(Mṛtyu)的逼近。通过以“svāhā”封印的祈请,向诸生命风息以及宇宙守护者(苏利耶之眼、与一切诸神同在的毗湿瓦那罗之火神阿耆尼)致敬,建立护持的结界,旨在避除夭折或横死,并使生者的气息与身心复归安稳。

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (specific ṛṣi not securely determinable from the single mantra alone in isolation). | Devata: Prāṇa and Apāna (vital breaths) as deified life-agents; apotropaic opposition to Mṛtyu. | 5 Mantras

Sukta 17

《AVŚ 2.17》是一首简短的阿闼婆系“安置诸根”之颂,通过直接呼唤被人格化的诸感官力(indriya)来使病者的要害机能重新就位。借由简洁的“svāhā”式祈辞——尤以献与Āyus(寿命/生命)与Śrotra(听觉)者为要——此颂意在恢复感官能力,稳固生命气息,并扩展护持(paripāṇa),以防进一步的损伤与衰退。

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (specific ṛṣi attribution varies by anukramaṇī for this hymn; commonly Atharvan/Angiras-type attributions in this register). | Devata: Śrotra (Hearing) personified as an indriya-power; implicitly supported by the general indriya-deities. | 6 Mantras

Sukta 18

《阿闼婆吠陀》2.18 为一组简短而以“svāhā”标记的作法咒式,旨在使敌对的竞争者衰耗(kṣayaṇa)并将其驱逐(cātana),尤以 bhrātṛvya(争夺地位/权利的同侪对手)与 arā́ya(敌对势力)为对象。各句咒语把仪式的器具与行为本身指认为摧敌之力,并祈请此力转移并归附于祭主,使其获得护佑、胜利与不断绝的安稳。反复出现的 svāhā 将此咒定格为火供之行:咒力(brahman)由阿耆尼承载,并借火供而被“封印”与落实。

Rishi: Atharvanic/Angirasa tradition (individual r̥ṣi not specified in the provided excerpt; to be resolved via Anukramaṇī data). | Devata: Mantra as operative power (brahman); implicitly Agni as carrier due to svāhā. | 5 Mantras

Sukta 19

这首简短的阿闼婆那传统阿耆尼赞歌,是一种紧凑的反咒与回击之法:借助阿耆尼的火焰(arciṣ)、灼热(śocis)与光辉威势(tejas),将敌对之意反转回施咒者自身。其仪式目的在于焚烧、灼伤并削弱憎恨行法者之人的力量,同时以受控之火力护持家宅,具辟邪护身之意。

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (specific ṛṣi attribution for this verse is not securely determinable from the single mantra alone) | Devata: Agni | 5 Mantras

Sukta 20

《AVŚ 2.20》是一首简短的灭敌(śatrunāśana)赞歌,祈请风神伐由(Vāyu)以自身的苦行热力(tapas)、炽焰(śociṣ)与威光(tejas)反转敌意,将憎恨回施于憎恨者。反复的句式“yo ’smān dveṣṭi yaṃ vayaṃ dviṣmaḥ”(凡憎我者、我所憎者)为仪式定下报复性回转的框架:以伐由灼烈之力对付对手,并剥夺其敌对的势能。

Rishi: Atharvanic/Angirasa tradition (enemy-destroying hymns are typically attributed to Atharvan/Angiras lineages; specific r̥ṣi attribution depends on the Anukramaṇī). | Devata: Vāyu (as bearer of tapas/tejas used for punitive reversal) | 5 Mantras

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