Atharva Veda Anuvaka 1
Kanda 125 Suktas304 Mantras

Anuvaka 1

本段以大地为礼制与社会秩序之根基,围绕净化、祖灵安置、家宅护卫与神圣法度展开。以《大地赞》(Bhūmi-sūkta)呈现普利提维(Pṛthivī)为宇宙基础与道德见证者;借由阿耆尼(Agni)的kṣema–śānti之火行洁净,除去rípra(污秽/罪垢);在祭祖(Pitṛyajña/Śrāddha)中安坐诸父祖并求阎摩(Yama)和合;以家内辟邪法驱逐败亡、疾病与巫蛊;并申明王法/法度(rājadharma)对婆罗门之牛(brahmagavī)与财产神圣不可侵犯的保护。

Suktas in Anuvaka 1

Sukta 1

《大地颂》(Bhūmi-sūkta)是《阿闼婆吠陀》中献给普利提维(Pṛthivī,大地)的宏伟赞歌,颂扬大地为坚实、恒久的根基,承载众民、草木与一切生灵。通过尊奉她为“金乳之胸”、为众药草之持有者,此颂平息动摇不安的力量,确立安居与定居的正当性,并为居于其上的人召来室利(śrī,吉祥与富饶)与布胡提(bhūti,兴盛与繁荣)。

Rishi: Traditionally attributed within the Bhūmi-sūkta complex (often treated as Atharvanic/Angirasic tradition rather than a single named ṛṣi). | Devata: Pṛthivī (Earth) | 63 Mantras

Sukta 2

本颂为一套求安宁与护佑(kṣema–śānti)的净化次第,借助阿耆尼(Agni)——尤以其名号/职能“Saṅkasuka”——刮除祭仪与道德上的“污垢/玷染”(rípra),使祭主重新成为适于行祭(yajñiya)之人。颂中并区分并转向与死亡相连的危险之火——食尸火阿耆尼(kravyād Agni)——令其循祖灵之路而去,使丧葬之不净不再回流入生者的祭仪领域。全颂以延寿与解脱作结:逆转并驱逐敌对之力,使所祈之人得以“被遣出/送行”,具足长寿。

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (often transmitted under Atharvan/Angiras lineages for this kṣema–śānti material) | Devata: Agni (as purifier; Saṅkasuka as named form/function of Agni) | 55 Mantras

Sukta 3

《阿闼婆吠陀》12.3 为一组施罗陀(Śrāddha)—祭祖(Pitṛyajña)赞歌:依仪轨将诸父祖安置于其所属方位,建立供献之处,并祈求阎摩(Yama)和合护持,使熟食供物成为护佑(śarman)的通道而非祸患。赞歌细致标定方向、器皿、草座与守护者,将其编织为环护仪式的防护结界,把哀伤与死亡转化为有序的延续——使生者得长寿,使祖灵得满足。

Rishi: Traditionally connected with Pitṛ/Śrāddha liturgy in AV 12.3 (Ancestral complex; specific r̥ṣi attributions vary by anukramaṇī tradition). | Devata: Yama with the Pitṛs (ancestral collective). | 60 Mantras

Sukta 4

《阿闼婆吠陀》12.4是一首家居驱邪护宅的赞歌:它点名、揭露并驱逐潜伏的家难之源——火灾、财物损失、疾病与敌对的巫蛊侵害——这些往往被拟人化为不祥的女性作祟者与凶兆。其效力在于“诊断式命名”(以征象呼唤不幸,使之显形),继而以强制性的放逐将其逐出,并重新确立合宜的家宅秩序(尤重牲畜、馈赠与守礼)。全诗如同张设在家、畜群与孩童周围的护网,把凶兆转化为可执行的仪式性对治。

Rishi: Atharvanic/anonymous (as typical for many AV domestic-apotropaic verses; hymn-level attribution varies by anukramaṇī tradition) | Devata: Apotropaic address to misfortune/hostile agents (alakṣmī-type personifications rather than a single deva) | 53 Mantras

Sukta 5

《阿闼婆吠陀》12.5是一首具有法律—护卫性质(王法/王道,rājadharma)的赞歌:它将婆罗门之牛(brahmagavī)神圣化为不可侵犯的财产,并把对其夺取界定为在神学上必受惩罚的罪行。诗中把牛描绘为梵(Brahman)的活体延伸——“梵之弓弦”——因此任何企图攫取都会触发诅咒的因果逻辑,最终导向对犯者的放逐、灼烧,并被驱向死亡的结局。

Rishi: Traditionally Atharvanic/Angirasa attribution for this legal-protective material (hymn-level attribution varies by anukramaṇī tradition). | Devata: Go (Cow) as sacral power; Mṛtyu as punitive horizon; Brahman as weaponized sacred authority. | 73 Mantras

Read Atharva Veda in the Vedapath app

Scan the QR code to open this directly in the app, with word-by-word meanings, Sanskrit recitation where available, and more.

Download on the App StoreGet it on Google Play

Continue reading in the Vedapath app

Open in App
Download on the App StoreGet it on Google Play