Rig Veda 8.80.3: Mandala 8, Sukta 80, Mantra 3

Sukta 8.80

Devata: Indra

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

किमङ्ग रध्रचोदनः सुन्वानस्यावितेदसि । कुवित्स्विन्द्र णः शकः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 8.80.3

Transliteration

kím aṅga radhra-códanaḥ sunvānásyāvitéd asi | kúvit sv indra ṇaḥ śákaḥ ||

Translation

Why, O impeller against the crookedness, are you not plainly the helper of the one who presses Soma? Will you indeed, O Indra, become capable for us—turning your power into effective aid?

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Word by Word

• किम्: what?
• किम्: Karma (प्रश्नार्थे—‘किम्?’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम् (प्रश्न-सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अङ्ग: indeed, pray
• अङ्ग: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अङ्ग (निपात)

• रध्रचोदनः: the impeller of the needy/weak (epithet)
• रध्रचोदनः: Kartā/सम्बोधन-सम्बन्ध (इन्द्रस्य विशेषणम्)
• Type: Noun/Adjective (epithet)
• Root: रध्र-चोदन (समास-प्रातिपदिक; ‘रध्र’ + ‘चोदन’)

• सुन्वानस्य: of the Soma-pressing (worshipper)
• सुन्वानस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive: ‘of the Soma-presser’)
• Type: Participle (adjectival)
• Root: सु (धातु ‘to press (Soma)’) → सुन्वान (वर्तमान कृदन्त, शतृ) + षष्ठी

• अविते: O protector
• अविते: सम्बोधन (address to Indra as protector)
• Type: Noun (agent)
• Root: अवि (धातु ‘to protect’) → अवितृ (agent noun) → अविते

• असि: you are
• असि: — (copula)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु ‘to be’)

• कुवित्: whether indeed? perhaps?
• कुवित्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कु + वित् (निपात; संशय/प्रश्नार्थ)

• स्वित्: pray, I wonder
• स्वित्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: स्वित् (निपात; प्रश्न/संशय-प्रबलक)

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: इन्द्र (देवनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• नः: to us, for us / of us
• नः: सम्प्रदान/सम्बन्ध (to us / for us)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• शकः: can you? are you able?
• शकः: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: शक् (धातु ‘to be able’) → शक (2nd sg. injunctive/optative-type Vedic form)