Rig Veda 7.6.3: Mandala 7, Sukta 6, Mantra 3

Sukta 7.6

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha (Vasiṣṭha-gotra tradition for Maṇḍala 7; hymn family to Agni)

Devata: Agni (also as Vaiśvānara in the surrounding verses of the hymn)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

न्यक्रतून्ग्रथिनो मृध्रवाचः पणीँरश्रद्धाँ अवृधाँ अयज्ञान् । प्रप्र तान्दस्यूँरग्निर्विवाय पूर्वश्चकारापराँ अयज्यून् ॥

Transliteration

ny àkratūn grathíno mṛdhrávācaḥ paṇī́m̐r aśraddhā́m̐ avṛdhā́m̐ ayajñā́n | prá-prá tā́n dasyū́n agnír vivāya pū́rvaś cakārā́parāṁ áyajyūn ||

Translation

Agni drives down and away the will-less, the knot-bound, the crooked-speakers—those Paṇis without faith, without growth, without sacrifice. Forward, ever forward, he chases those Dasyus; he makes the former powers first, and casts the later, the non-offerers, behind.

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Word by Word

• नीचक्रतून्: (those) of low/mean resolve
• नीचक्रतून्: Karma
• Type: Adjective (bahuvrīhi/tatpuruṣa-like compound used adjectivally)
• Root: नीच-क्रतु (प्रातिपदिक) < क्रतु

• ग्रथिनः: knotty, entangled, crooked
• ग्रथिनः: Kartā (appositional descriptor of the object-group)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ग्रथि (प्रातिपदिक)

• मृध्रवाचः: of hostile/perverse speech
• मृध्रवाचः: Kartā (appositional descriptor)
• Type: Adjective (compound)
• Root: मृध्र-वाच् (प्रातिपदिक; वाच् ‘speech’)

• पणीन्: the Paṇis (niggardly demons/hoarders)
• पणीन्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पणि (प्रातिपदिक)

• अश्रद्धान्: faithless
• अश्रद्धान्: Karma (qualifier of पणीन्/दस्यून्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ-श्रद्धा (प्रातिपदिक)

• अवृधान्: unprospering, not thriving
• अवृधान्: Karma (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ-वृध (प्रातिपदिक; from √वृध् ‘to grow/increase’)

• अयज्ञान्: non-sacrificing, without worship
• अयज्ञान्: Karma (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ-यज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक; यज्ञ)

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• प्र: forth (intensifying)
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• तान्: those
• तान्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• दस्यून्: Dasyus (hostile non-ritualists)
• दस्यून्: Karma (in apposition to तान्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दस्यु (प्रातिपदिक)

• अग्निः: Agni (Fire-god)
• अग्निः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)

• विवाय: drove apart, scattered
• विवाय: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वा (वाति/वेति ‘to blow’; with वि-)

• पूर्वः: the former/earlier one
• पूर्वः: Kartā (predicate/apposition to अग्निः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पूर्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• चकार: made, did
• चकार: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √कृ (to do/make)

• अपराम्: the later (one), the subsequent (state/portion)
• अपराम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: अपरा (प्रातिपदिक)

• अयज्यून्: the non-sacrificers
• अयज्यून्: Karma (object-group)
• Type: Noun/Adjective (substantivized)
• Root: अ-यज्यु (प्रातिपदिक; from √यज् ‘to sacrifice’)