Rig Veda 5.45.5: Mandala 5, Sukta 45, Mantra 5
Sukta 5.45
Rishi: Atri (Ātreya tradition) (attributed for RV 5.45 as a whole; verse-level attribution follows hymn attribution)
Devata: Primarily Indra (with Angiras/Saramā ‘cows of light’ mythic horizon in adjacent verses); here the addressed power is the forward-leading divine force that clears misfortune and hatred
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 5.45; verse-level metrical confirmation recommended against a pada-count scanner)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
एतो न्वद्य सुध्यो भवाम प्र दुच्छुना मिनवामा वरीयः । आरे द्वेषांसि सनुतर्दधामायाम प्राञ्चो यजमानमच्छ ॥
Transliteration
éto nvádyá su-dhyò bhávāma prá ducchúnā minavāmā várīyaḥ | āré dvéṣāṃsi sanutár dadhāmāyā́ma prā́ñco yájamānam áccha ||
Translation
پھر آج ہم صاف اور صحیح سمجھ والے بنیں، بری قسمت کو نکالیں اور بڑے راستے کو چوڑا کریں۔ نفرتیں ہم دور رکھتے ہیں، انہیں دور پھینکتے ہیں، قربانی کرنے والے کی طرف بڑھیں اور اس تک پہنچیں۔
Word by Word
एतःhither/now, then
एतः:
Adhikaraṇa (temporal/deictic setting)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइ (ए ‘गमन’) / एतद् (प्रातिपदिक) — here as deictic adverbial form
नुindeed, now
नु:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनु
अद्यtoday, now
अद्य:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअद्य
सुध्यःof good insight; wise
सुध्यः:
Kartā (predicate-nominative with ‘भवाम’)
TypeAdjective (substantivized)
Rootसुधी (सु-धी) (प्रातिपदिक)
भवामlet us two be / may we two become
भवाम:
Kartā (speaker ‘we two’)
TypeVerb
Rootभू
प्रforth, forward
प्र:
—
TypeIndeclinable (preverb)
Rootप्र
दुच्छुनाwith ill-luck; with harmfulness
दुच्छुना:
Karaṇa (instrumental: ‘by/with ill-luck’ → ‘harmfully’)
TypeNoun
Rootदुच्छुना (प्रातिपदिक; ‘ill-omen/ill-luck, harm’)
मिनवामाlet us two diminish/drive away
मिनवामा:
Kartā (speaker ‘we two’)
TypeVerb
Rootमि / मी (मिनोति ‘to diminish, injure, damage’)
वरीयःthe better (state/thing)
वरीयः:
Karma (object of ‘मिनवामा’ as ‘(choose/secure) the better’ / ‘(make) better’)
TypeAdjective (substantivized)
Rootवरि/वर (comparative stem वरीयस् ‘better, more excellent’)
आरेfar away
आरे:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआरे
द्वेषांसिhatreds, hostilities
द्वेषांसि:
Karma (object of ‘दधाम’)
TypeNoun
Rootद्वेषस् (प्रातिपदिक)
सनुतर्farther away
सनुतर्:
Adhikaraṇa (directional)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसनुतर् (comparative adverb from सनु ‘from of old/away’)
दधामlet us two place/set
दधाम:
Kartā (speaker ‘we two’)
TypeVerb
Rootधा (दधाति ‘to place, set’)
आयामlet us two come/go
आयाम:
Kartā (speaker ‘we two’)
TypeVerb
Rootआ + या (याति ‘to go, come’)
प्राञ्चःfacing forward; advancing
प्राञ्चः:
Kartā (of implied motion/approach with ‘आयाम’)
TypeAdjective (substantivized)
Rootप्राञ्च् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘turned forward, facing toward’)
यजमानम्the sacrificer
यजमानम्:
Karma (goal/object of approach)
TypeNoun
Rootयजमान (प्रातिपदिक)
अच्छtowards
अच्छ:
Adhikaraṇa (direction/goal)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअच्छ
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