Rig Veda 4.6.3: Mandala 4, Sukta 6, Mantra 3

Sukta 4.6

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama

Devata: Agni (with ritual imagery of circumambulation and anointing)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यता सुजूर्णी रातिनी घृताची प्रदक्षिणिद्देवतातिमुराणः । उदु स्वरुर्नवजा नाक्रः पश्वो अनक्ति सुधितः सुमेकः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 4.6.3

Transliteration

yatā́ su-jūrṇī́ rātínī ghṛtā́cī pradakṣiṇíd deva-tātím urāṇáḥ | úd u svárur nava-jā́ nā́kraḥ paśvó anakti sú-dhitaḥ su-mékaḥ ||

Translation

Moving there, well-speeding, the giver with ghee for her course, he circles to the right the host of the gods in his ardour. He lifts up the kindling-stick, newborn, as a strong steed; the well-set, well-joined (fire) anoints and brightens the creature (the embodied life).

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Word by Word

• यथा: just as
• यथा: Adhikaraṇa (तुलनासम्बन्धे) / अव्यय-सम्बन्ध
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय)

• सुजूर्णी: well-worn / well-aged
• सुजूर्णी: Kartā (उपमान-वाक्ये) / विशेषण
• Type: Adjective (f.)
• Root: सु- + जूर्णी (प्रातिपदिक; √जॄ/जॢ ‘to wear/decay’ से ‘जूर्ण’)

• रातिनी: the giver / bestower
• रातिनी: Kartā (उपमान-वाक्ये)
• Type: Noun (f.)
• Root: रातिनी (प्रातिपदिक; √रा/रद् ‘to give’ से ‘राति’)

• घृताची: ghee-anointed / moving with ghee
• घृताची: Kartā (उपमान-वाक्ये) / विशेषण
• Type: Adjective (f.)
• Root: घृत- + अची (प्रातिपदिक; ‘घृत’ + ‘अच्/अञ्च्’ ‘to smear/anoint’ से)

• प्रदक्षिणित्: right-circling (moving sunwise)
• प्रदक्षिणित्: Kartā-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective (indeclinable-like in RV usage) / Participle
• Root: प्र- + दक्षिणि- (प्रातिपदिक) + त् (कृदन्त-प्रत्यय; ‘प्रदक्षिणित्’ = having gone/turned to the right)

• देवतातीम्: the host/procession of the gods
• देवतातीम्: Karma
• Type: Noun (f.)
• Root: देवता- + अति (प्रातिपदिक; ‘देवताओं की पंक्ति/समूह/यात्रा’)

• उराणः: impetuous / eager
• उराणः: Kartā (मुख्य-वाक्ये) / विशेषण
• Type: Adjective (m.)
• Root: उराण (प्रातिपदिक; वेदिक विशेषण, ‘उत्साही/वेगवान्/उद्गत’ अर्थ)

• उत्: up, forth
• उत्: (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उत् (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• स्वः: to heaven / in the sky
• स्वः: Adhikaraṇa (गन्तव्य/स्थान) / क्रियाविशेषण
• Type: Noun (n., indeclinable in RV) / Indeclinable
• Root: स्वः (अव्यय/नाम; ‘स्वर्’)

• उरुः: broad, wide
• उरुः: Kartā-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective (m.)
• Root: उरु (प्रातिपदिक)

• नवजा: new-born / newly arisen
• नवजा: Kartā-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective (m.)
• Root: नव- + जा (प्रातिपदिक; √जन् ‘to be born’)

• नाक्रः: crocodile / water-monster (Vedic nākra)
• नाक्रः: Kartā
• Type: Noun (m.)
• Root: नाक्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• पश्वः: of the cattle / of the beast
• पश्वः: Sampradāna/सम्बन्ध (अधिकार/सम्बन्धे)
• Type: Noun (m.)
• Root: पशु (प्रातिपदिक)

• अनक्ति: anoints, smears
• अनक्ति: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अञ्ज् (अनक्ति) ‘to smear/anoint’

• सुधितः: well-disposed / well-ordered
• सुधितः: Kartā-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective (m.)
• Root: सु- + धित (कृदन्त; √धा ‘to place/think’ से ‘धित’ = well-set/well-disposed)

• सुमेकः: very singular/unique; excellent one
• सुमेकः: Kartā-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective (m.)
• Root: सु- + मेक (प्रातिपदिक; वेदिक ‘एक/अद्वितीय/श्रेष्ठ’ भाव)