Rig Veda 4.57.2: Mandala 4, Sukta 57, Mantra 2

Sukta 4.57

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama

Devata: Kṣetrasya Pati; with invoked ‘patayaḥ of ṛta’ (supporting truth-powers)

Chandas: Jagatī/Triṣṭubh mixture possible due to length; requires metric verification

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

क्षेत्रस्य पते मधुमन्तमूर्मिं धेनुरिव पयो अस्मासु धुक्ष्व । मधुश्चुतं घृतमिव सुपूतमृतस्य नः पतयो मृळयन्तु ॥

Transliteration

kṣétrasya pate mádhumantam ūrmíṃ dhénuriva páyo asmā́su dhukṣva | mádhuścútaṃ ghṛtámiva supū́tam ṛtásya naḥ pátayo mṛḷayantu ||

Translation

O Lord of the Field, milk into us the honeyed wave, as a cow her milk—let it flow sweetly, like clarified ghee well purified. May the guardians of ṛta be gracious to us, making our nature a vessel of right increase.

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Word by Word

• क्षेत्रस्य: of the field
• क्षेत्रस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षेत्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• पते: O lord/master
• पते: सम्बोधन (address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पति (प्रातिपदिक)

• मधुमन्तम्: honeyed, sweet
• मधुमन्तम्: कर्म (object of धुक्ष्व)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मधुमन्त् (प्रातिपदिक; मधु + मन्त्)

• ऊर्मिम्: wave, surge, stream
• ऊर्मिम्: कर्म (object; ‘wave/stream’ to be milked forth)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऊर्मि (प्रातिपदिक)

• धेनुः: a cow
• धेनुः: कर्तृ (agent; subject of implied comparison)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धेनु (प्रातिपदिक)

• इव: like, as
• इव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• पयः: milk
• पयः: कर्म (object of धुक्ष्व)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पयस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• अस्मासु: in us, among us
• अस्मासु: अधिकरण (locus: ‘in/among us’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• धुक्ष्व: milk forth, yield
• धुक्ष्व: क्रिया (imperative action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दुह् (धातु; ‘to milk’)

• मधुश्चुतम्: honey-dripping
• मधुश्चुतम्: कर्म (qualifier of implied ‘पयः/ऊर्मि’)
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: मधु-च्युत (कृदन्त; √च्यु ‘to drip, flow’ + क्त)

• घृतम्: ghee, clarified butter
• घृतम्: कर्म (in simile with इव)
• Type: Noun
• Root: घृत (प्रातिपदिक)

• इव: like
• इव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• सुपूतम्: well-purified
• सुपूतम्: कर्म (qualifier; ‘well-purified’)
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: सु-पूत (कृदन्त; √पू ‘to purify’ + क्त, with सु-)

• ऋतस्य: of ṛta (cosmic order/truth)
• ऋतस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive: ‘of ṛta’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋत (प्रातिपदिक)

• नः: of us / for us
• नः: सम्प्रदान (beneficiary: ‘for us’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• पतयः: lords, masters
• पतयः: कर्तृ (subject of मृळयन्तु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पति (प्रातिपदिक)

• मृळयन्तु: may they be gracious, show mercy
• मृळयन्तु: क्रिया (benedictive/imperative)
• Type: Verb
• Root: मृळ्/मृड् (धातु; ‘to be gracious, show mercy’)