Rig Veda 4.46.1: Mandala 4, Sukta 46, Mantra 1
Sukta 4.46
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional attribution for Maṇḍala 4)
Devata: Vāyu
Chandas: Gāyatrī (8+8+8; typical for short Soma-invitations; verify in critical edition)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
अग्रं पिबा मधूनां सुतं वायो दिविष्टिषु । त्वं हि पूर्वपा असि ॥
Transliteration
ágram pibā mádhūnām sutáṃ vāyo divíṣṭiṣu | tváṃ hí pūrva-pā́ ási ||
Translation
اے وایو، شہد کی مٹھاسوں میں سے پہلے پیو، یہ سوم جو روشن جلسوں میں نچوڑا گیا ہے; کیونکہ تم واقعی دوسروں سے پہلے پینے والے ہو، ہم میں خوشی کا سانس لانے اور اسے حرکت دینے والے پہلے ہو۔
Word by Word
अग्रंthe first (portion), the foremost
अग्रं:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअग्र (प्रातिपदिक) < PIE *h₂eǵ-ro- ‘fore, front’
पिबdrink!
पिब:
—
TypeVerb
Rootपा (धातु) ‘पाने’
मधूनाम्of the sweet drinks / of the honeys (i.e., soma-juices)
मधूनाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive relation to ‘अग्रं’)
TypeNoun
Rootमधु (प्रातिपदिक) ‘sweet drink, honey, soma’
सुतम्pressed (soma)
सुतम्:
Karma
TypeParticiple (Adjectival) / Noun-use
Rootसु (धातु) ‘सवने/प्रसवे’ → सुत (कृदन्त, क्त) ‘pressed’
वायोO Vāyu
वायो:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun (Vocative)
Rootवायु (प्रातिपदिक) ‘Wind-god Vāyu’
दिविष्टिषुin the divine services/rites (at the heavenly gatherings)
दिविष्टिषु:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun
Rootदिविष्टि (प्रातिपदिक) ‘heavenly rite/feast; divine service’ (Vedic)
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
हिindeed, for
हि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (निपात)
पूर्वपाःthe first-drinker (he who drinks first)
पूर्वपाः:
Kartṛ-viśeṣaṇa (predicate adjective of ‘त्वम्’)
TypeAdjective (compound)
Rootपूर्व (उपसर्ग/विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक) + पा (धातु) → पूर्वपा (बहुव्रीहि/तत्पुरुष-समास) ‘one who drinks first’
असिyou are
असि:
—
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु) ‘भुवि’
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