Rig Veda 4.45.2 — Mandala 4, Sukta 45, Mantra 2
Sukta 4.45
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama
Devata: Aśvinau / Dawn-associated movement of the Aśvins
Chandas: Jagatī or Triṣṭubh (probable; requires scansion)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
उद्वां पृक्षासो मधुमन्त ईरते रथा अश्वास उषसो व्युष्टिषु । अपोर्णुवन्तस्तम आ परीवृतं स्वर्ण शुक्रं तन्वन्त आ रजः ॥
Transliteration
úd vāṁ pṛkṣā́so mádhu-manta īrate ráthā aśvā́sa uṣáso vyùṣṭiṣu | apó-ūrṇuvántas táma ā́ parī́vṛtaṁ svàr na śukráṁ tanvántā ā́ rájaḥ ||
Translation
Upward move your honey-full steeds and chariots in the breakings of Dawn; they unwrap the darkness that has covered all around, and they stretch out the bright heaven-light across the mid-space.
Word by Word
उत्up, forth
उत्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत् (उपसर्ग) / ud-
वाम्you two (as object)
वाम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (प्रातिपदिक) / yuṣmad-
पृक्षासःthe refreshers/strengtheners
पृक्षासः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootपृक्षा- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘sprinkling/refreshing, strengthening’)
मधुमन्तःhoneyed, sweet
मधुमन्तः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootमधुमन्त्- (प्रातिपदिक) < मधु
ईरतेmove, are set in motion
ईरते:
—
TypeVerb
Rootईर् (धातु) / īr ‘to set in motion, to impel’
रथाःchariots
रथाः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootरथ- (प्रातिपदिक)
अश्वासःhorses
अश्वासः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व- (प्रातिपदिक)
उषसःof Dawn
उषसः:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootउषस्- (प्रातिपदिक)
व्युष्टिषुin the dawnings
व्युष्टिषु:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun
Rootव्युष्टि- (प्रातिपदिक) < वि+उष् ‘to dawn, shine forth’
अपोर्णुवन्तःuncovering, opening
अपोर्णुवन्तः:
Kartā
TypeParticiple
Rootअप + उर्णु (धातु) / ūrṇu ‘to uncover, open, unroll’
तमःdarkness
तमः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतमस्- (प्रातिपदिक)
आtowards, unto
आ:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
परीवृतम्enveloped, wrapped around
परीवृतम्:
Karma
TypeParticiple
Rootपरि + वृत् (धातु) / vṛt ‘to cover, enclose’
स्वःsunlight, heaven’s light
स्वः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वर्/स्वस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘sunlight, heaven’)
नlike, as
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
शुक्रम्bright, radiant
शुक्रम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective/Noun
Rootशुक्र- (प्रातिपदिक)
तन्वन्तःspreading, extending
तन्वन्तः:
Kartā
TypeParticiple
Rootतन् (धातु) / tan ‘to stretch, spread’
आtowards, forth
आ:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
रजःthe expanse/space (the airy region)
रजः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरजस्- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘space, region; dust/mist’)
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