Rig Veda 4.38.7: Mandala 4, Sukta 38, Mantra 7

Sukta 4.38

Rishi: Dadhikrāvan (hymnic subject) / Maṇḍala 4 collection

Devata: Dadhikrā (truth-bearing victorious movement)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

उत स्य वाजी सहुरिॠतावा शुश्रूषमाणस्तन्वा समर्ये । तुरं यतीषु तुरयन्नृजिप्योऽधि भ्रुवोः किरते रेणुमृञ्जन् ॥

Transliteration

utá syá vājī́ sáhurir ṛtá-vā śuśrū́ṣamāṇas tanvā̀ samaryé | túraṃ yatī́ṣu turáyan ṛjipyó 'dhí bhrúvoḥ kirate reṇúm ṛñján ||

Translation

And this vājī, the strong-enduring one, bearer of the Truth, eager in his body for the battle—he drives the swift among the goings; the straight-limbed one, as he rushes, flings dust above the brows, colouring himself with it.

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Word by Word

• उत: and, also
• उत: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उत

• स्यः: he (that one)
• स्यः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• वाजी: the racer/steed; the prize-winner
• वाजी: Kartā
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: वाजिन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• सहुरिः: the mighty/overpowering one
• सहुरिः: Kartā
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: सहुरि (प्रातिपदिक)

• ऋतावा: possessing ṛta (truth/order), righteous
• ऋतावा: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ऋतावन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• शुश्रूषमाणः: being eager to serve/obey, attentive
• शुश्रूषमाणः: Kartā
• Type: Participle
• Root: श्रु (धातु) → शुश्रूष (इच्छार्थ/सेवार्थ-देशिदेरिव.)

• तन्वा: with (his) body/self
• तन्वा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: तनू (प्रातिपदिक)

• समर्ये: in the battle/contest
• समर्ये: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: समर्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘battle/contest’)

• तुरम्: swift, impetuous (one)
• तुरम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तुर (प्रातिपदिक)

• यतीषु: among the goers/strivers (yatis)
• यतीषु: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: यति (प्रातिपदिक)

• तुरयन्: hastening, urging on
• तुरयन्: Kartā
• Type: Participle
• Root: तुर् (धातु) / त्वर् (निकटार्थ) → तुरयति

• ऋजिप्यः: Ṛjipya (name/epithet), the straight/ardent one
• ऋजिप्यः: Kartā
• Type: Proper Noun/Adjective
• Root: ऋजिप्य (प्रातिपदिक; नाम/विशेषण)

• अधि: upon, over
• अधि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अधि

• भ्रुवोः: on/at the two eyebrows
• भ्रुवोः: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: भ्रू (प्रातिपदिक)

• किरते: he scatters/pours
• किरते: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: कॄ (धातु) ‘to scatter, pour’

• रेणुम्: dust, powder
• रेणुम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रेणु (प्रातिपदिक)

• ऋञ्जन्: adorning/brightening (smearing)
• ऋञ्जन्: Kartā
• Type: Participle
• Root: ऋञ्ज् (धातु) ‘to redden/brighten, adorn’