Rig Veda 4.37.1: Mandala 4, Sukta 37, Mantra 1

Sukta 4.37

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional attribution for Maṇḍala 4; hymn to the Rbhus/associated powers)

Devata: Rbhus (esp. Vāja, Ṛbhukṣaṇa) as divine artisans; invoked also as devāḥ (luminous powers)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 4.37; 11-syllable cadence typical of the hymn)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

उप नो वाजा अध्वरमृभुक्षा देवा यात पथिभिर्देवयानैः । यथा यज्ञं मनुषो विक्ष्वासु दधिध्वे रण्वाः सुदिनेष्वह्नाम् ॥

Transliteration

úpa no vājā adhvarám ṛbhukṣā devā yāta pathíbhir devayā́naiḥ | yáthā yajñáṃ mánuṣo vikṣvā̀su dadhidhvé raṇvāḥ sudíneṣv áhnām ||

Translation

Come near to our offering, O Vājas, O Ṛbhukṣaṇas, O bright Powers; travel by the godward paths. As you have set the sacrifice in motion among the human clans, so establish it again—delightful—for us in the fair days of our life.

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Word by Word

• उप: near, towards
• उप: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उप (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• नः: of us, our
• नः: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• वाजाः: O prizes/strengths (Vājas)
• वाजाः: सम्बोधन/कर्तृ (आह्वानार्थे)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाज (प्रातिपदिक)

• अध्वरम्: the sacrifice (ritual)
• अध्वरम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: अध्वर (प्रातिपदिक)

• ऋभुक्षाः: O Rbhukṣas (the Rbhus)
• ऋभुक्षाः: सम्बोधन/कर्तृ (आह्वानार्थे)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋभुक्षा (प्रातिपदिक; ऋभु-सम्बद्ध नाम)

• देवाः: O gods
• देवाः: सम्बोधन/कर्तृ (आह्वानार्थे)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• यात: come, go (hither)
• यात: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: या (धातु)

• पथिभिः: by paths
• पथिभिः: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: पथि/पथ (प्रातिपदिक)

• देवयानैः: by god-going (divine) ways
• देवयानैः: करण
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: देवयान (प्रातिपदिक)

• यथा: so that, as
• यथा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (निपात)

• यज्ञम्: the sacrifice
• यज्ञम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: यज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)

• मनुषः: of Manu (i.e., of mankind/Manu’s)
• मनुषः: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनु (प्रातिपदिक)

• विक्ष्वासु: among the clans/settlements
• विक्ष्वासु: अधिकरण
• Type: Noun
• Root: विक्षु (प्रातिपदिक; ‘settlements/clans’)

• दधिध्वे: you have set/placed
• दधिध्वे: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: धा (धातु)

• रण्वाः: O delightful/pleasing ones
• रण्वाः: सम्बोधन/कर्तृ (आह्वानार्थे)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रण्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• सुदिनेषु: on good days
• सुदिनेषु: अधिकरण
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुदिन (प्रातिपदिक)

• अह्नाम्: of days
• अह्नाम्: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहन् (प्रातिपदिक)