Rig Veda 4.30.10: Mandala 4, Sukta 30, Mantra 10
Sukta 4.30
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; verify metrically)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
अपोषा अनसः सरत्सम्पिष्टादह बिभ्युषी । नि यत्सीं शिश्नथद्वृषा ॥
Transliteration
ápoṣā́ ánasaḥ sárat sámpiṣṭād áha bibhyúṣī | ní yát sī́m śiśnáthad vṛ́ṣā ||
Translation
Fleeing away, the Dawn’s car rolled from the crushed place—afraid—when the Bull (Indra) shattered her down and subdued her.
Word by Word
अपोषाःwaterless / deprived of water
अपोषाः:
Kartā (वाक्ये कर्तृपद-सम्बन्धः; ‘बिभ्युषी’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootअपोषा- (प्रातिपदिक; अप्- ‘जल’ + ओषा/उषा- ‘दाह/उष्णता’ इत्यादि-निर्मित; वैदिक विशेषण)
अनसःof the cart / of the wagon
अनसः:
Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्धः: ‘of the cart/wagon’)
TypeNoun
Rootअनस्- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘गाडी/रथ/वाहन’)
सरत्moved / ran / flowed
सरत्:
Kriyā (मुख्यक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootसृ (धातु)
सम्together, completely
सम्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम् (उपसर्ग)
पिष्टात्from the crushed mass / from what was ground
पिष्टात्:
Apādāna (पञ्चमी: ‘from/out of’)
TypeKṛdanta (PPP used as noun/adjective) / Noun-like
Rootपिष् (धातु; ‘पीडने/चूर्णने’) → पिष्ट (कृदन्त)
अदहburned / scorched
अदह:
Kriyā (अनुक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootदह् (धातु; ‘दाहे’)
बिभ्युषीfearing / being afraid
बिभ्युषी:
Kartā (कर्तृवाचक कृदन्तः; ‘भयमानā’)
TypeParticiple (Kṛdanta) used adjectivally
Rootभी (धातु; ‘भये’) → बिभ्युष् (परस्मैपदी/आत्मनेपदी-परम्परा; कृदन्त)
निdown, into, in
नि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनि (उपसर्ग)
यत्which / that (thing)
यत्:
Karma (यत्… शिश्नथत्: ‘that which he tore/struck’)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
सीम्indeed, just, him/it (emphatic)
सीम्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसीम् (निपात/अव्यय; वैदिक ‘him/it’ emphatic particle)
शिश्नथत्tore apart / shattered
शिश्नथत्:
Kriyā (मुख्यक्रिया; कर्ता ‘वृषा’)
TypeVerb
Rootशिथ्/शिथिल्? (वैदिक धातु-परम्परा: शिश्नथ् ‘to tear, rend, shatter’; causative/iterative nuance possible)
वृषाthe Bull (the mighty one, Indra)
वृषा:
Kartā (कर्ता: ‘the bull/strong one’ = Indra)
TypeNoun (epithet) / Adjective used substantively
Rootवृषन्- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘वृषभ/बलवान्/वीरः’; इन्द्रस्य विशेषणम्)
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