Rig Veda 4.23.4: Mandala 4, Sukta 23, Mantra 4
Sukta 4.23
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama
Devata: Indra (implied; but verse generalizes the process of acceptance by the divine)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
कथा सबाधः शशमानो अस्य नशदभि द्रविणं दीध्यानः । देवो भुवन्नवेदा म ऋतानां नमो जगृभ्वाँ अभि यज्जुजोषत् ॥
Transliteration
kathā́ sa-bā́dhaḥ śaśamā́nó asya náśad abhí dráviṇaṃ dīdhyā́naḥ | devó bhúvann ávedā ma ṛtā́nāṃ námo jagṛbhvā́n abhí yáj jujoṣat ||
Translation
کوشش کرنے والا، ہر رکاوٹ توڑ کر، روشن فکر سے اپنی دولت تک کیسے پہنچ سکتا ہے؟ دیوی بن کر، وہ سچائیوں کو جان سکتا ہے؛ عزت کو اٹھا کر، وہ جو قربانی دیتا ہے اس میں قبول ہو سکتا ہے۔
Word by Word
कथाhow?
कथा:
Adhikaraṇa (प्रकार/रीति-निर्देशः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथा (avyaya-prātipadika)
स-बाधःwith oppression/constraint; hard-pressed
स-बाधः:
Kartā (as predicate to the subject ‘he’)
TypeAdjective
Rootबाध (prātipadika; from √बाध् ‘to press, afflict’)
शशमानःstriving, exerting himself
शशमानः:
Kartā (agent-participle qualifying the subject)
TypeVerb (participle)
Root√शम् (intensive/reduplicated present stem शशम्; ‘to exert oneself, strive/quiet’)
अस्यof him/this
अस्य:
Sambandha (genitive relation)
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (sarvanāman)
नशत्reached, attained
नशत्:
Kriyā (finite verb of the clause)
TypeVerb
Root√नश् (to reach, attain)
अभिtowards, upon
अभि:
— (verb-modifier)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअभि (upasarga)
द्रविणम्wealth, treasure
द्रविणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्रविण (prātipadika)
दीध्यानःpondering, intent in thought
दीध्यानः:
Kartā (agent-participle qualifying the subject)
TypeVerb (participle)
Root√ध्यै/√ध्या (Vedic: √धी ‘to think, meditate’; desiderative/intensive nuance)
देवःthe god
देवः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (prātipadika)
भुवन्being, becoming
भुवन्:
Kartā (qualifier of ‘देवः’)
TypeVerb (participle)
Root√भू (to be, become)
अवेदाfound, came to know
अवेदा:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Root√विद् (to know, find)
मेfor me; to me
मे:
Sampradāna (beneficiary/for me) / Sambandha (my) (contextual)
TypePronoun
Rootअहम् (sarvanāman)
ऋतानाम्of the truths/ṛta-orders
ऋतानाम्:
Sambandha (genitive dependent on ‘अवेदा’/‘नवेदा’ sense: ‘of the ṛtas’)
TypeNoun
Rootऋत (prātipadika)
नमःreverence, homage
नमः:
Karma (what is ‘taken/received’)
TypeNoun
Rootनमस् (prātipadika)
जगृभ्वान्having grasped/taken
जगृभ्वान्:
Kartā (qualifying the subject)
TypeVerb (participle)
Root√ग्रह् (to seize, take) with reduplication (perf./aor. participial base)
अभिtowards, upon
अभि:
— (verb-modifier)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअभि (upasarga)
यत्which, what
यत्:
Karma (object of ‘जुजोṣत्’)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (relative pronoun)
जुजोṣत्was pleased with; accepted
जुजोṣत्:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Root√जुष् (to enjoy, be pleased with, accept)
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