Rig Veda 4.1.2: Mandala 4, Sukta 1, Mantra 2

Sukta 4.1

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama

Devata: Agni as invoker; Varuṇa prominently invoked (Aditya, king of ṛta)

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; verify in critical edition)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

स भ्रातरं वरुणमग्न आ ववृत्स्व देवाँ अच्छा सुमती यज्ञवनसं ज्येष्ठं यज्ञवनसम् । ऋतावानमादित्यं चर्षणीधृतं राजानं चर्षणीधृतम् ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 4.1.2

Transliteration

sá bhrā́taraṃ váruṇam agna ā́ vavṛtsva devā́n ácchā sumatī́ yajñá-vanasaṃ jyéṣṭhaṃ yajñá-vanasam | ṛtā́vānām ādityáṃ carṣaṇī-dhṛ́taṃ rā́jānaṃ carṣaṇī-dhṛ́tam ||

Translation

O Agni, turn hither and draw near Varuṇa, your brother; bring the gods to us in a happy understanding—Varuṇa, eldest in the power of sacrifice. The Aditya who is full of the working of Truth, the king who upholds the peoples: bring that Varuṇa, the supporter of man’s law and order.

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Word by Word

• सः: he
• सः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• भ्रातरम्: brother
• भ्रातरम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: भ्रातृ

• वरुणम्: Varuṇa
• वरुणम्: Karma
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: वरुण

• अग्ने: O Agni
• अग्ने: (Sambodhana) संबोधन
• Type: Noun (vocative)
• Root: अग्नि

• आ: towards; hither
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• ववृत्स्व: turn/come (hither)!; choose/bring (hither)!
• ववृत्स्व: (क्रिया) —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वृत् (वर्तने/वरणे) + आ

• देवान्: the gods
• देवान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव

• अच्छ: towards
• अच्छ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अच्छ (निपात/अव्यय)

• सुमती: good will; good thought/favour
• सुमती: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun (abstract) / Adjective (as noun)
• Root: सु- + मति

• यज्ञवनसम्: the sacrifice-winning (one)
• यज्ञवनसम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective (as noun)
• Root: यज्ञ-वनस् (बहुव्रीहि/तत्पुरुष-प्रातिपदिक)

• ज्येष्ठम्: the eldest; most eminent
• ज्येष्ठम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ज्येष्ठ

• यज्ञवनसम्: the sacrifice-winning (one)
• यज्ञवनसम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective (as noun)
• Root: यज्ञ-वनस्

• ऋतावानम्: possessing ṛta (truth/cosmic order)
• ऋतावानम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective (as noun)
• Root: ऋत-वान्

• आदित्यम्: Āditya (solar deity-class; here Varuṇa)
• आदित्यम्: Karma
• Type: Noun (proper/class)
• Root: आदित्य

• च: and
• च: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• चर्षणीधृतम्: supporter of the peoples/men
• चर्षणीधृतम्: Karma
• Type: Noun/Adjective (agent)
• Root: चर्षणी-धृत् (धृ ‘धारणे’ से कृत्)

• राजानम्: king
• राजानम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्

• चर्षणीधृतम्: supporter of the peoples/men
• चर्षणीधृतम्: Karma
• Type: Noun/Adjective (agent)
• Root: चर्षणी-धृत्