Rig Veda 3.31.3: Mandala 3, Sukta 31, Mantra 3

Sukta 3.31

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (Kauśika) (traditional circle attribution)

Devata: Agni (with an Indra-epithet appearing as allied power)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अग्निर्जज्ञे जुह्वा रेजमानो महस्पुत्राँ अरुषस्य प्रयक्षे । महान्गर्भो मह्या जातमेषां मही प्रवृद्धर्यश्वस्य यज्ञैः ॥

Transliteration

agnír jajñe juhvā́ rejámāno mahás putrā́n aruṣásya prá-yakṣe | mahā́n gárbho mahyā́ jātám eṣāṃ mahī́ prá-vṛddh haryaśvásya yajñáiḥ ||

Translation

Agni is born, blazing on the ladle, for the great offering—sons of the ruddy One. A mighty womb, greatly born for them; great is the growth by the sacrifices of the tawny-horsed power.

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Word by Word

• अग्निः: Agni (the fire-god)
• अग्निः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि- (प्रातिपदिक)

• जज्ञे: was born / has been born
• जज्ञे: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √जन् (जनि)

• जुह्वा: with the ladle (sacrificial spoon)
• जुह्वा: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: जुहू- (प्रातिपदिक)

• रेजमानः: shining, blazing
• रेजमानः: कर्तृ (अग्नि-विशेषण)
• Type: Participle (Adjective)
• Root: √रेज्

• महः: of the great one / of greatness
• महः: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महत्/महस्- (प्रातिपदिक)

• पुत्रान्: sons
• पुत्रान्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र- (प्रातिपदिक)

• अरुषस्य: of the ruddy one (Arusha)
• अरुषस्य: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: अरुष- (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्रयक्षे: has worshipped / has sacrificed
• प्रयक्षे: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √यज्

• महान्: great
• महान्: कर्तृ-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत्- (प्रातिपदिक)

• गर्भः: embryo, womb-child
• गर्भः: कर्तृ (अग्नि-सम्बन्धी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गर्भ- (प्रातिपदिक)

• मह्या: of the great (earth/queen)
• मह्या: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मही- (प्रातिपदिक)

• जातम्: born
• जातम्: (अग्नि-विशेषण/विधेय)
• Type: Past participle
• Root: √जन्

• एषाम्: of these
• एषाम्: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• मही: great
• मही: कर्तृ-विशेषण/विधेय
• Type: Adjective/Noun
• Root: मही- (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्रवृद्धा: grown strong, increased
• प्रवृद्धा: कर्तृ-विशेषण (मही-विशेषण)
• Type: Past participle (Adjective)
• Root: √वृध्

• र्यश्वस्य: of Ryashva (a patron/descendant)
• र्यश्वस्य: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun (proper/epithet)
• Root: र्यश्व- (प्रातिपदिक)

• यज्ञैः: by/with sacrifices
• यज्ञैः: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: यज्ञ- (प्रातिपदिक)