Rig Veda 10.18.2: Mandala 10, Sukta 18, Mantra 2
Sukta 10.18
Rishi: Traditionally ascribed within RV 10.18 to a Vasiṣṭha-associated lineage (Anukramaṇī attribution varies in secondary traditions); the hymn functions as a funeral/ancestral rite text rather than a single-deity praise.
Devata: Primarily Mṛtyu (Death) is addressed/handled; secondarily the sacrificial community is instructed toward purification and life-increase.
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (predominant in this section of 10.18).
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
मृत्योः पदं योपयन्तो यदैत द्राघीय आयुः प्रतरं दधानाः । आप्यायमानाः प्रजया धनेन शुद्धाः पूता भवत यज्ञियासः ॥
Transliteration
mṛtyóḥ padáṃ yópayantaḥ yádáita drā́ghīya ā́yuḥ prataráṃ dádhānāḥ | āpyā́yamānāḥ prajā́yā dhánena śuddhā́ḥ pūtā́ bhavata yajñiyā́saḥ ||
Translation
جب تم موت کے نشان کو چھپا کر اس سے آگے نکل جاؤ، تب لمبی عمر اور آگے بڑھنے والی حرکت لے کر، اولاد اور دولت سے بھرپور ہو۔ پاک اور صاف بن جاؤ، یجنا کے زیادہ لائق بنو۔
Word by Word
मृत्योःof death
मृत्योः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु- (प्रातिपदिक) < √मृ (मरणे)
पदम्footstep; track; place
पदम्:
कर्म (object)
TypeNoun
Rootपद- (प्रातिपदिक) < √पद्/√पद् (गत्यर्थ)
योपयन्तःhiding; concealing
योपयन्तः:
कर्तृ (agent)
TypeVerb (participle)
Root√युप्/√युप् (गोपने/निवारणे) → योपयति (णिच्)
यत्when; that
यत्:
सम्बन्ध (clausal link)
TypeIndeclinable/Pronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
एतthis
एत:
विशेषण/सम्बन्ध (deictic reference)
TypePronoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
द्राघीयःlonger
द्राघीयः:
विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootद्राघीयस्- (तुलनात्मक-प्रातिपदिक) < द्राघ- ‘long’
आयुःlife; lifespan
आयुः:
कर्म (object, ‘placing/establishing’)
TypeNoun
Rootआयुस्- (प्रातिपदिक)
प्रतरम्further; more forward; better
प्रतरम्:
क्रियाविशेषण (manner/degree)
TypeAdverbial adjective
Rootप्रतर- (तुलनात्मक-प्रातिपदिक) < प्र-तॄ/तर् (पूर्व/अधिक-भाव)
दधानाःplacing; establishing
दधानाः:
कर्तृ (agent)
TypeVerb (participle)
Root√धा (धारणे/स्थापने) → दधाति
आप्यायमानाःgrowing strong; thriving
आप्यायमानाः:
कर्तृ
TypeVerb (participle)
Root√प्या/√प्याय् (वृद्धौ/पुष्टौ) → आप्यायते (आ-उपसर्ग)
प्रजयाwith offspring
प्रजया:
करण (means/with)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा- (प्रातिपदिक) < प्र-√जन् (जनने)
धनेनwith wealth
धनेन:
करण (means/with)
TypeNoun
Rootधन- (प्रातिपदिक)
शुद्धाःpurified
शुद्धाः:
विशेषण (of the addressed persons)
TypeAdjective
Rootशुद्ध- (कृदन्त/विशेषण) < √शुध् (शौचे) / √पू (शोधने) (परम्परया ‘purified’)
पूताःcleansed; purified
पूताः:
विशेषण
TypeAdjective (past participle)
Rootपूत- (भूतकृदन्त) < √पू (पवने/शोधने)
भवतbe; become
भवत:
क्रिया (injunction to the addressees)
TypeVerb
Root√भू (भवने) → भवति
यज्ञियासःmore worthy of sacrifice; most fit for worship
यज्ञियासः:
सम्बोधन/विशेषण (addressed group)
TypeAdjective (comparative/augmentative in Vedic usage)
Rootयज्ञिय- (विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक) < यज्ञ-
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