Rig Veda 10.11.2: Mandala 10, Sukta 11, Mantra 2

Sukta 10.11

Rishi: Traditional: uncertain from provided data (RV 10.11 corpus)

Devata: Aditi (central); Gandharvīs/Waters as guardians; the ‘eldest brother’ as primal leader (often read as Agni or a first principle of speech/fire)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

रपद्गन्धर्वीरप्या च योषणा नदस्य नादे परि पातु मे मनः । इष्टस्य मध्ये अदितिर्नि धातु नो भ्राता नो ज्येष्ठः प्रथमो वि वोचति ॥

Transliteration

rápad gandharvī́rapyā́ ca yóṣaṇā nadásya nā́de pári pātu me mán aḥ | iṣṭásya mádhye áditir ní dhātu no bhrā́tā no jyéṣṭhaḥ prathamó ví vocati ||

Translation

May the swift Gandharvīs and the Waters, the maidens, guard my mind around the river’s sound. In the midst of the chosen offering may Aditi establish us; our eldest brother, the first-born power, speaks forth for us.

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Word by Word

• रपत्: moves swiftly; rushes
• रपत्: Kriyā (verbal predicate) / Kartṛ implied
• Type: Verb
• Root: रप्

• गन्धर्वी: the Gandharvī (female Gandharva)
• गन्धर्वी: Kartā (subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गन्धर्वी (प्रातिपदिक) < गन्धर्व

• रप्या: swift-moving
• रप्या: Kartā (as qualifier of subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रप्या (प्रातिपदिक) < रप्

• च: and
• च: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• योषणा: the young woman; maiden
• योषणा: Kartā (co-subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: योषणा (प्रातिपदिक)

• नदस्य: of the river; of the stream
• नदस्य: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (genitival relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नद (प्रातिपदिक)

• नादे: in/at the sound; at the roaring
• नादे: Adhikaraṇa (location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नाद (प्रातिपदिक)

• परि: around; all around
• परि: — (modifies verb)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: परि

• पातु: may (she) protect
• पातु: Kriyā (main verb); Kartṛ = गन्धर्वी/योषणा
• Type: Verb
• Root: पा (पालने)

• मे: my
• मे: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (possessor)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• मनः: mind
• मनः: Karma (object of पातु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• इष्टस्य: of the desired (thing/rite)
• इष्टस्य: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Adjective (substantivized)
• Root: इष्ट (ppp of √इष ‘seek/desire’ → ‘desired, chosen’)

• मध्ये: in the midst
• मध्ये: Adhikaraṇa (location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मध्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• अदितिः: Aditi
• अदितिः: Kartā (subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अदिति (प्रातिपदिक)

• नि: down; firmly
• नि: — (modifies verb)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नि

• धातु: may (she) place; establish
• धातु: Kriyā (main verb); Kartṛ = अदितिः
• Type: Verb
• Root: धा (धारणे)

• नः: for us
• नः: Sampradāna (beneficiary)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• भ्राता: brother
• भ्राता: Kartā (subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भ्रातृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• नः: our
• नः: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• ज्येष्ठः: eldest
• ज्येष्ठः: Kartā (as qualifier of subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ज्येष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्रथमः: first
• प्रथमः: Kartā (as qualifier of subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रथम (प्रातिपदिक)

• वि: forth; distinctly
• वि: — (modifies verb)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि

• वोचति: speaks; utters
• वोचति: Kriyā (verbal predicate); Kartṛ = भ्राता
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (वक्तृ/वचने)