Rig Veda 1.62.13: Mandala 1, Sukta 62, Mantra 13

Sukta 1.62

Rishi: Gotama Rāhūgaṇa (Gotamas of Mandala 1 context)

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

सनायते गोतम इन्द्र नव्यमतक्षद्ब्रह्म हरियोजनाय । सुनीथाय नः शवसान नोधाः प्रातर्मक्षू धियावसुर्जगम्यात् ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 1.62.13

Transliteration

sanāyáte gotamá indra návyaṃ atakṣad bráhma hari-yojánāya | su-nīthā́ya naḥ śavasāna nodhā́ḥ prātár makṣū́ dhiyā́vasur jagamyāt ||

Translation

For the eternal becoming, Gotama has fashioned for you, O Indra, a new-forming word of power, to yoke your luminous steeds. For our right-leading, may Nodhā, full of force, come swiftly at the dawn—rich in inspired thought and its treasures.

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Word by Word

• सनायते: (he) goes/acts ‘from of old, long since’
• सनायते: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (adverbial modifier of the action) / Kriyā
• Type: Indeclinable (adverbial) + Verb
• Root: सनाय (avyaya-stem from √सन्/√सन् ‘to be old/ancient’; used adverbially) + √या (to go) in denominative/compound sense

• गोतमः: Gotama
• गोतमः: Kartā
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: गोतम (prātipadika, proper name ‘Gotama’)

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun (deity name)
• Root: इन्द्र (prātipadika)

• नव्यम्: new, fresh
• नव्यम्: Karma (of अतक्षत्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नव्य (adj. stem)

• अतक्षत्: fashioned, composed
• अतक्षत्: Kriyā (with Kartā = गोतमः; Karma = ब्रह्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √तक्ष् (to fashion, carve, compose)

• ब्रह्म: a sacred hymn/formulation
• ब्रह्म: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मन् (prātipadika; ‘sacred formulation, hymn, prayer’)

• हरियोजनाय: for the yoking of the bays (Indra’s horses)
• हरियोजनाय: Sampradāna / Prayojana (purpose-dative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हरियोजन (tatpuruṣa: हरि ‘bay horses’ + योजन ‘yoking, harnessing’)

• सुनीथाय: for good guidance
• सुनीथाय: Sampradāna / Prayojana (purpose-dative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुनीथ (su- + नीथ ‘leading, guidance’; ‘good guidance/favourable leading’)

• नः: of us, our
• नः: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (our)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (pronominal stem)

• शवसान: O mighty one
• शवसान: Sambodhana
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: शवस् (noun ‘might, strength’) → present participle stem शवसाना- ‘being strong, mighty’

• नोधाः: Nodhā
• नोधाः: Kartā (of जगम्यात्)
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: नोधस् (prātipadika; name of the seer Nodha/Nodhāḥ)

• प्रातर्: in the morning
• प्रातर्: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रातर् (indeclinable adverb ‘in the morning’)

• मक्षु: quickly
• मक्षु: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मक्षु (indeclinable adverb ‘quickly, soon’)

• धियावसुः: rich in prayer/thought (prayer-wealthy)
• धियावसुः: Kartṛ-viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Adjective (epithet)
• Root: धियावसु (bahuvrīhi: धिया ‘by/with thought, prayer’ + वसु ‘good/wealth’; ‘whose wealth is prayer/whose good is thought’)

• जगम्यात्: may he come/go
• जगम्यात्: Kriyā (wish/benediction)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √गम् (to go, come)