Rig Veda 1.170.4 — Mandala 1, Sukta 170, Mantra 4
Sukta 1.170
Rishi: Agastya
Devata: Agni (as ritual and inner fire) within the Indra-Marut reconciliation frame
Chandas: Triṣṭubh
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
अरं कृण्वन्तु वेदिं समग्निमिन्धतां पुरः । तत्रामृतस्य चेतनं यज्ञं ते तनवावहै ॥
Transliteration
áraṃ kṛṇvantu védim sám agním indhatāṃ puráḥ | tátrāmṛ́tasya cétanaṃ yajñáṃ te tanavāvahai ||
Translation
Let them make ready the altar; let them kindle the Fire in front. There, in that place, may we extend for thee the sacrifice that is the awakening of immortality—building in the body the conscious rite that opens to the deathless.
Word by Word
अरम्duly, properly
अरम्:
विशेषण-भाव (क्रियाविशेषण; manner) of कृण्वन्तु
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअरम् (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक) / PIE *h₂er- ‘fit, proper’ (traditional: ‘sufficiently, duly’)
कृण्वन्तुlet them make
कृण्वन्तु:
क्रिया (predicate); implied kartā = ‘they’ (ritual performers/priests)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (कृणोति) धातु
वेदिम्the altar
वेदिम्:
कर्म (object of कृण्वन्तु)
TypeNoun
Rootवेदी (प्रातिपदिक) ‘altar’
सम्together, completely
सम्:
क्रियाविशेषण (prefix to इन्धताम: ‘together/fully’)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम् (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
अग्निम्Agni; the fire
अग्निम्:
कर्म (object of इन्धताम)
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
इन्धताम्let them kindle
इन्धताम्:
क्रिया (predicate); implied kartā = ‘they’
TypeVerb
Rootइन्ध् (इन्धते/इन्धति) धातु ‘kindle’
पुरःin front, at the fore
पुरः:
अधिकारण (locative sense: ‘in front/at the fore’)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुरस् (अव्यय/निपात; also used as adverb) ‘in front’
तत्रthere
तत्र:
अधिकारण (place) for तनवावहै/यज्ञम्
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र (अव्यय) ‘there’
अमृतस्यof immortality / of the immortal (essence)
अमृतस्य:
सम्बन्ध (genitive) qualifying चेतनम्
TypeNoun
Rootअमृत (प्रातिपदिक) ‘immortal(ity), ambrosia’
चेतनम्the enlivening (power), the consciousness
चेतनम्:
कर्म (object in apposition with यज्ञम्; what is to be ‘brought/produced’)
TypeNoun
Rootचेतन (प्रातिपदिक) ‘perception, consciousness; enlivening’ (from √चित् ‘to perceive’)
यज्ञम्the sacrifice
यज्ञम्:
कर्म (object of तनवावहै; in apposition to चेतनम्)
TypeNoun
Rootयज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक) ‘sacrifice’ (from √यज्)
तेfor you; your
ते:
सम्प्रदान/सम्बन्ध (genitive: ‘for you/your’ with यज्ञम्)
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद् (युष्मद्) सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक
तनवावहैlet us two bring forth / carry out
तनवावहै:
क्रिया (predicate); kartā = ‘we two’ (dual speakers/priests)
TypeVerb
Root√वह् ‘to carry, convey’ with preverb तन्-/तनु? (RV compound-verb: तनु-आ-वह् ‘to bring forth/produce, to carry out’)
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