Rig Veda 1.124.4: Mandala 1, Sukta 124, Mantra 4

Sukta 1.124

Rishi: Kutsa Āṅgirasa

Devata: Uṣas

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

उपो अदर्शि शुन्ध्युवो न वक्षो नोधा इवाविरकृत प्रियाणि । अद्मसन्न ससतो बोधयन्ती शश्वत्तमागात्पुनरेयुषीणाम् ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 1.124.4

Transliteration

úpó adarśi śundhyúvo ná vákṣo nodhā́ iva āvír akṛta priyā́ṇi | admasán ná sasató bodháyantī śaśvat-tamā́gāt púnar ā́īyuṣīṇām ||

Translation

وہ نظر میں آئی ہے، ایک روشن سینے کی طرح پاک، اور نودھاس کی طرح اس نے پیاری چیزیں ظاہر کی ہیں۔ سوئے ہوئوں کو جگاتی ہوئی گھر سے نکلتے ہوئے، سب سے دیرپا سپتا پھر لوٹنے والوں میں آتی ہے۔

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Word by Word

• उपो: near, towards; up (as preverb/particle)
• उपो: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उप (उपसर्ग/निपात) अथवा उपो = उप + उ

• अदर्शि: was seen; appeared
• अदर्शि: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (दर्शन) < दॄश्

• शुन्ध्युवः: the bright/cleansing ones (i.e., radiant [rays/mares])
• शुन्ध्युवः: Kartā (with implied verb of comparison) / Viśeṣya in simile
• Type: Adjective (used substantively) / Noun
• Root: शुन्ध्यु (प्रातिपदिक; ‘शुद्ध/दीप्त’ भाव) अथवा शुन्ध्-सम्बद्ध विशेषण

• न: like, as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (उपमा-निपात) / न (निषेध) — here upamā

• वक्षः: breast, chest
• वक्षः: Karma (in implied comparison) / Viśeṣya
• Type: Noun
• Root: वक्षस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• नोधाः: Nodhas (a seer)
• नोधाः: Kartā (in simile: ‘like Nodhas’)
• Type: Proper Noun
• Root: नोधा (ऋषिनाम; प्रातिपदिक)

• इव: like
• इव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (उपमा-निपात)

• आविः: openly, manifestly
• आविः: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आविस्/आविः (अव्यय)

• अकृत: made; has made
• अकृत: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (करण) + अ (अङ्ग/अग्म) → लुङ्/लिट्-प्रयोग; here injunctive/aorist-like perfective

• प्रियाणि: dear things; pleasant (deeds/gifts)
• प्रियाणि: Karma
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: प्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)

• अद्मसत्: as at a meal; as one seated for eating (idiomatically: ‘as if at a feast’)
• अद्मसत्: —
• Type: Adjective / Participle-like (Vedic) used adverbially
• Root: अद्मसत् (वैदिक रूप; √अद् ‘भक्षण’ से ‘अद्मन्’/‘अद्म’ सम्बद्ध; ‘भोज/आहार’ अथवा ‘अद्मसद्’ = ‘भोजन-आसीन’/‘भोजने स्थित’)

• न: like, as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (उपमा-निपात)

• ससतः: of the pursuing/striving ones; of the eager (men)
• ससतः: Sampradāna/Adhikaraṇa (genitive of those being addressed/affected) بحسب अर्थ
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: ससत् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘सतत/शीघ्रगामी/अनुसरन्’ भाव; RV usage) अथवा √सस्/संस् ‘to pursue’ से

• बोधयन्ती: awakening; causing to notice
• बोधयन्ती: Kartā
• Type: Verb (present participle)
• Root: बुध् (बोधन) → causative बोधय-

• शश्वत्तम: most constantly; ever again
• शश्वत्तम: Karma/Adverbial (kriyā-viśeṣaṇa)
• Type: Adjective (superlative)
• Root: शश्वत् (सदा) + तमप्

• आगात्: came; arrived
• आगात्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (गमन) + आ (उपसर्ग)

• पुनः: again
• पुनः: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः (अव्यय)

• एयुषीणाम्: of the returning ones; of those who have gone/come (back)
• एयुषीणाम्: Apādāna/Adhikaraṇa (genitive: ‘of those who have gone/come’, i.e., returning ones) بحسب अर्थ
• Type: Noun/Adjective (f.)
• Root: एयुषी (स्त्री; √इ ‘to go’ से ‘एयुष्/एयुषी’ ‘going/coming’)