Rig Veda 4.3.9 — Mandala 4, Sukta 3, Mantra 9
Sukta 4.3
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama
Devata: Agni (as the truth-guided transformer of raw/ripe sweetness)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
ऋतेन ऋतं नियतमीळ आ गोरामा सचा मधुमत्पक्वमग्ने । कृष्णा सती रुशता धासिनैषा जामर्येण पयसा पीपाय ॥
Transliteration
ṛténa ṛtáṃ ní-yatam īḷe ā́ góra āmā́ sácā mádhu-mat pákvam agne | kṛṣṇā́ satī́ rúśatā dhā́sinaiṣā́ jāmaryéṇa páyasā pīpāya ||
Translation
By the Truth I adore the Truth that is firmly guided; with the cow’s raw and ripened sweetness together, O Agni. This dark one, becoming luminous by the shining receptacle, has been made to swell with the milk of the fostering companion.
Word by Word
ऋतेनby/with ṛta (cosmic order, truth)
ऋतेन:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootऋत (प्रातिपदिक) / √ऋ (गतौ, ‘to go/fit’, semantic base of ṛta ‘cosmic order’)
ऋतम्ṛta (right order/truth)
ऋतम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootऋत (प्रातिपदिक)
नियतम्fixed, regulated, well-ordered
नियतम्:
कर्म
TypeAdjective
Rootनि-√यम् (नियमे) → नियत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
ईळेI praise / I invoke
ईळे:
—
TypeVerb
Root√ईळ्/√ईड् (स्तुतौ)
आtowards, hither
आ:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (उपसर्ग/निपात)
गोरामof the cows
गोराम:
सम्बन्ध
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक)
आtowards
आ:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (उपसर्ग/निपात)
सचाtogether with, in company
सचा:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसच् (अव्यय; ‘together, in company’)
मधुमत्honeyed, sweet
मधुमत्:
कर्म
TypeAdjective
Rootमधु + मतुप् (मधुमत् प्रातिपदिक)
पक्वम्cooked, ripened
पक्वम्:
कर्म
TypeAdjective
Root√पच् (पाके) → पक्व (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
अग्नेO Agni
अग्ने:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
कृष्णाblack, dark
कृष्णा:
कर्तृ
TypeAdjective
Rootकृष्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
सतीbeing, while being
सती:
कर्तृ
TypeAdjective/Participle
Root√अस् (भुवि) → सत् (वर्तमान-कृदन्त) → सती (स्त्री)
रुशताwith the shining (one/thing)
रुशता:
करण
TypeAdjective
Rootरुशत् (प्रातिपदिक ‘shining, bright’)
धा॒सिनाwith nourishment/portion (or: with the bright offering)
धा॒सिना:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootधासि/धासिन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘portion, nourishment; also ‘bright/fiery’ in RV usage) संभवतः √धा (धारण/स्थापन) से
एषाthis (she/this one)
एषा:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
जामर्येणwith the kinsmanly/domestic (one/means)
जामर्येण:
करण
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootजामर्य (प्रातिपदिक; वैदिक—‘of the house/kin’, ‘domestic/related’; often connected with जामि ‘kinsman’)
पयसाwith milk
पयसा:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootपयस् (प्रातिपदिक)
पीपायhas filled/nourished; made to swell
पीपाय:
—
TypeVerb
Root√पा (पाने/पोषणे) – वैदिक-रूप: पिपाय/पीपाय (caus./intensive sense ‘make swell, fill, nourish’)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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