Rig Veda 2.34.11: Mandala 2, Sukta 34, Mantra 11

Sukta 2.34

Rishi: Gṛtsamada (Bhārgava) (traditional attribution for Maṇḍala 2 hymns)

Devata: Maruts (with explicit linkage to Vishnu’s expansive impulse)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 2.34; verse-length and cadence fit Triṣṭubh)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

तान्वो महो मरुत एवयाव्नो विष्णोरेषस्य प्रभृथे हवामहे । हिरण्यवर्णान्ककुहान्यतस्रुचो ब्रह्मण्यन्तः शंस्यं राध ईमहे ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 2.34.11

Transliteration

tān vó maho marúta evayā́vno víṣṇor eṣásya prabhṛthé havāmahe | híraṇyavarṇān kakuhā́ny atasrúco brahmaṇyántaḥ śáṃsyaṃ rā́dha īmahe ||

Translation

Those mighty Maruts, ever-young in their forward movement, we call here in the wide outpouring of Vishnu’s impelling force. Golden in hue, high-crested, pouring their streams, they foster the soul’s flame of aspiration; from them we seek the wealth that is worthy to be affirmed—an increase of inner plenitude.

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Word by Word

• तान्: them
• तान्: कर्म
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• वः: for you / of you
• वः: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• महो: of the great (one)
• महो: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत् (प्रातिपदिक)

• मरुतः: the Maruts
• मरुतः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: मरुत् (प्रातिपदिक)

• एवयाव्नः: swift-going / impetuous
• एवयाव्नः: विशेषण (कर्तृ-सम्बन्धी)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एवयावन् (प्रातिपदिक; वेदिक विशेषण)

• विष्णोः: of Viṣṇu
• विष्णोः: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: विष्णु (प्रातिपदिक)

• एषस्य: of the course/impulse (of him)
• एषस्य: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: एष (प्रातिपदिक) + -स्य (षष्ठी) अथवा ‘एषस्’ (वेदिक नपुंसक/पुं)

• प्रभृथे: in the bringing-forth / in the forward advance
• प्रभृथे: अधिकरण
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्र-भृ (धातु) → प्रभृत (कृदन्त/भाव) / प्रभृथि- (प्रातिपदिक)

• हवामहे: we invoke
• हवामहे: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ह्वा (ह्वयति) आत्मनेपद

• हिरण्यवर्णान्: golden-coloured
• हिरण्यवर्णान्: कर्म (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हिरण्य-वर्ण (समास-प्रातिपदिक)

• ककुहानि: peaks / summits
• ककुहानि: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: ककुह (प्रातिपदिक)

• यतस्रुचः: with streaming (courses) / flowing
• यतस्रुचः: विशेषण (कर्तृ-सम्बन्धी)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यत-स्रुच् (समास-प्रातिपदिक; ‘यत’ + ‘स्रुच्’ = flowing/streaming) अथवा ‘यतस्रुच्’ विशेषण

• ब्रह्मण्यन्तः: favouring sacred speech / devoted to brahman
• ब्रह्मण्यन्तः: विशेषण (कर्तृ-सम्बन्धी)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ब्रह्मण्यन्त् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘ब्रह्मणि’ + √यम्/√यन्? वेदिक विशेषण ‘ब्रह्मण्य’ = brahman-favouring)

• शंस्यम्: praiseworthy
• शंस्यम्: कर्म (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √शंस् (स्तुति/प्रशंसा) → शंस्य (कृदन्त, यत्-प्रत्यय)

• राधः: gift / bounty
• राधः: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: राधस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• ईमहे: we seek / we implore
• ईमहे: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ई (ईयते/ईमहे; वेदिक ‘to seek/ask/implore’) आत्मनेपद