Rig Veda 2.34.12: Mandala 2, Sukta 34, Mantra 12

Sukta 2.34

Rishi: Gṛtsamada (traditional)

Devata: Maruts with Dawn/Daśagvas imagery (transitional mythic references within Marut hymn)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

ते दशग्वाः प्रथमा यज्ञमूहिरे ते नो हिन्वन्तूषसो व्युष्टिषु । उषा न रामीररुणैरपोर्णुते महो ज्योतिषा शुचता गोअर्णसा ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 2.34.12

Transliteration

té daśagvā́ḥ prathamā́ yajñám ūhire té no hinvantūṣáso vyùṣṭiṣu | uṣā́ na rāmī́r aruṇáir ápornute mahó jyótiṣā śucatā́ goárṇasā ||

Translation

Those Daśagvas first bore the sacrifice forward; may they urge our dawns in their breakings forth. Like Dawn, the gracious one unveils with her red rays—by the great light, by purity, by the flood of illumining ‘cows’ (rays of knowledge).

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Word by Word

• ते: they
• ते: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• दशग्वाः: the Daśagvas (a group of seers/ritualists)
• दशग्वाः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: दशगु (प्रातिपदिक; ‘दश-गु’)

• प्रथमाः: the first
• प्रथमाः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रथम (प्रातिपदिक)

• यज्ञम्: sacrifice, rite
• यज्ञम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: यज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)

• ऊहिरे: they bore/undertook (performed)
• ऊहिरे: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वह् (धातु; वहति ‘to carry/perform’), वैदिक-रूप: ऊह्/ऊहति (उपसर्ग-रहित)

• ते: they
• ते: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• नः: for us / our
• नः: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• हिन्वन्तु: let them impel/urge
• हिन्वन्तु: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: हिव्/हिन्व् (धातु; ‘to impel, set in motion, quicken’)

• उषसः: the dawns
• उषसः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: उषस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• व्युष्टिषु: in the dawnings
• व्युष्टिषु: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्युष्टि (प्रातिपदिक; ‘dawning, daybreak’)

• उषाः: Dawn
• उषाः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: उषस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• न: like
• न: (सम्बन्ध/उपमा)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)

• रामिः: delightful, gracious
• रामिः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रामि (प्रातिपदिक; ‘delighting/pleasant’, वैदिक)

• अरुणैः: with ruddy (rays/steeds)
• अरुणैः: Karaṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अरुण (प्रातिपदिक)

• अपः: the waters
• अपः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अप् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘water’)

• उर्णुते: she covers/envelops
• उर्णुते: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वृ (धातु; ‘to cover, envelop’; वैदिक प्रयोगः ‘उर्णुते’)

• महः: great (vast)
• महः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: महत्/महस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘greatness, great’)

• ज्योतिषा: with light
• ज्योतिषा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्योतिस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• शुचता: bright, pure
• शुचता: Karaṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शुच्/शुचि (प्रातिपदिक; ‘bright, pure’)

• गोअर्णसा: with cow-bringing/‘cow-flood’ radiance (rich in cows/light)
• गोअर्णसा: Karaṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गो-अर्णस् (समास-प्रातिपदिक; ‘cow-like flood/stream’ अथवा ‘गो-रश्मि-सम्बद्ध तेजः’)