Rig Veda 1.151.1: Mandala 1, Sukta 151, Mantra 1

Sukta 1.151

Devata: Mitra-Varuṇa (dual) (probable from dual forms and Mitra mention)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

मित्रं न यं शिम्या गोषु गव्यवः स्वाध्यो विदथे अप्सु जीजनन् । अरेजेतां रोदसी पाजसा गिरा प्रति प्रियं यजतं जनुषामवः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 1.151.1

Transliteration

mitráṃ na yaṃ śimyā́ góṣu gavyávaḥ svā́dhyo vidáthe apsú jī́janan | árejetāṃ ródasī pā́jasā girā́ práti priyáṃ yajatáṃ januṣā́m ávaḥ ||

Translation

Like a Friend, whom the seekers of the luminous herds bring to birth by their striving—by self-law in the gathering, in the Waters—so the two Worlds tremble to their force. With the word they answer the beloved and adorable pair, the guardianship of beings from birth onward.

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Word by Word

• मित्रम्: Mitra (the god); a friend
• मित्रम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मित्र (प्रातिपदिक) अव्युत्पन्न/नामधातु

• न: like, as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (निपात)

• यम्: whom
• यम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• शिम्या: swift/active (RV epithet; ‘energetic, impelling’)
• शिम्या: Kartā (विशेषणरूपेण) / Sambandha
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शिम्या (प्रातिपदिक; RV-विशेषण)

• गोषु: among the cows; in the cattle
• गोषु: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक)

• गव्यवः: the cattle-seekers/owners (men)
• गव्यवः: Kartā
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: गव्यवस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘cattle-seeking/possessing’)

• स्वाध्यः: self-impelled; of inherent power
• स्वाध्यः: Kartā (विशेषणरूपेण) / Sambandha
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्वाध्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘self-impelled/with own power’)

• विदथे: in the vidatha (ritual assembly)
• विदथे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: विदथ (प्रातिपदिक; ‘assembly/ritual session’)

• अप्सु: in the waters
• अप्सु: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: अप् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘waters’)

• जीजनन्: they generated; they produced
• जीजनन्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √जन् (जनने) (intensive/causative-like RV usage)

• अरेजेताम्: the two shook; trembled
• अरेजेताम्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √रेज् (कम्पने)

• रोदसी: Heaven and Earth (the two worlds)
• रोदसी: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: रोदसी (द्विवचन-प्रातिपदिक; ‘heaven-and-earth’)

• पाजसा: with might; by strength
• पाजसा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाजस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘strength, might, brilliance’)

• गिरा: with a hymn; by song
• गिरा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: गिर् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘song, hymn, voice’)

• प्रति: towards; in response to
• प्रति: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रति (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• प्रियम्: dear; beloved
• प्रियम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)

• यजतम्: worthy of worship
• यजतम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यजत (प्रातिपदिक; ‘worthy of worship’)

• जनुषाम्: of the races; of the generations
• जनुषाम्: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: जनुष् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘birth, race, generation’)

• अवः: help; protection
• अवः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अवस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘help, favor, protection’)