Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 4, Shloka 45

अयोध्याकाण्डे चतुर्थः सर्गः

Rāma Summoned; Pushya Coronation Decision

Devanagari script

इत्युक्त्वा लक्ष्मणं रामो मातरावभिवाद्य च।अभ्यनुज्ञाप्य सीतां च जगाम स्वं निवेशनम्।।2.4.45।।

Transliteration

ity uktvā lakṣmaṇaṃ rāmo mātarāv abhivādya ca | abhyanujñāpya sītāṃ ca jagāma svaṃ niveśanam || 2.4.45 ||

Translation

Pagkasabi nito kay Lakshmana, si Rama ay nagbigay-galang sa kanyang dalawang ina; at matapos ding magpaalam na may pagsang-ayon ni Sita, siya’y nagbalik sa sarili niyang tahanan.

Word by Word

• iti: thus
• iti: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/quotative marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), quotative particle (इति-प्रयोगः)

• uktvā: having said
• uktvā: Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषणम्/पूर्वकाल)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vac (धातु)
• Form: Kṛdanta: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय), from √vac (वच्), ‘having spoken’

• lakṣmaṇam: Lakshmana
• lakṣmaṇam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: lakṣmaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया) Singular (एकवचन)

• rāmaḥ: Rama
• rāmaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)

• mātarau: the two mothers
• mātarau: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया) Dual (द्विवचन)

• abhivādya: having paid respects
• abhivādya: Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषणम्/पूर्वकाल)
• Type: Verb
• Root: abhivād (धातु)
• Form: Kṛdanta: Absolutive/Gerund (ल्यप्/य-प्रत्यय), from √abhivād (अभिवाद्), ‘having saluted’

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), conjunction (समुच्चय)

• abhyanujñāpya: having taken leave (after obtaining permission)
• abhyanujñāpya: Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषणम्/पूर्वकाल)
• Type: Verb
• Root: abhyanujñā (धातु)
• Form: Kṛdanta: Absolutive/Gerund (ल्यप्/य-प्रत्यय), Causative sense ‘having taken leave/asked permission’, from √abhyanujñā (अभ्यनुज्ञा)

• sītām: Sita
• sītām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sītā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया) Singular (एकवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), conjunction (समुच्चय)

• jagāma: went
• jagāma: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: gam (धातु)
• Form: Verb (तिङन्त), Perfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष) Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada; from √gam (गम्)

• svam: his own
• svam: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Adjective/pronominal (सर्वनाम-विशेषण), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया) Singular (एकवचन); agrees with ‘niveśanam’

• niveśanam: dwelling; residence
• niveśanam: Karma (कर्म) / Gati-karma destination (गत्यर्थकर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: niveśana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया) Singular (एकवचन)

Context

After speaking to Lakshmana, Rama made reverential salutation to the two mothers and on obtaining their consent to leave with Sita, returned to his abode.ityārṣē śrīmadrāmāyaṇē vālmīkīya ādikāvyē ayōdhyākāṇḍē caturthassargaḥ৷৷Thus ends the fourth sarga of Ayodhyakanda of the holy Ramayana, the first epic composed by sage Valmiki.

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Lakshmana
• Kausalya
• Sumitra
• Sita

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Maryādā (propriety): honoring elders with reverence and acting with permission and consent within family relationships.

What is the narrative situation?

After addressing Lakshmana, Rama respectfully salutes Kausalya and Sumitra, then departs for his residence with Sita.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Respectfulness, restraint, and adherence to family and social protocol.